截至2023年10月(yue)，全國充電(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施累計數量(liang)為795.4萬(wan)臺，同比(bi)增加68.9%；北京、遼寧、吉林、上海(hai)、浙江等11個(ge)省（市）高速公(gong)路(lu)服務(wu)區(qu)充電(dian)(dian)設(she)施覆(fu)蓋率達到100%……從近期公(gong)布的(de)一系列數據可以看出(chu)，充電(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施建設(she)火熱。

值得注意的(de)是(shi)，面對“充(chong)(chong)電慢”這一(yi)電動汽(qi)車補(bu)能的(de)核(he)心痛點，“超充(chong)(chong)”正成為(wei)行業(ye)發展的(de)新方向。多地出臺相關政策，加快超充(chong)(chong)站建(jian)設，企業(ye)也紛紛布(bu)局這一(yi)賽(sai)道(dao)。業(ye)內人士指出，超充(chong)(chong)技術的(de)應用將為(wei)市場和(he)消(xiao)費(fei)者帶(dai)來(lai)不(bu)(bu)少(shao)改(gai)變，不(bu)(bu)過目(mu)前超充(chong)(chong)站建(jian)設仍面臨諸多痛點，充(chong)(chong)電網絡布(bu)局需進一(yi)步優化。

18個標準籃球場大小的充電(dian)(dian)區(qu)內，有著快充、貨車快充、液冷超充等(deng)不同(tong)類型的充電(dian)(dian)車位142個，充電(dian)(dian)最快僅需10分鐘。同(tong)時(shi)，還設有1座合(he)作充換(huan)電(dian)(dian)站，單次(ci)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)僅需5分鐘。

這便(bian)是日(ri)前投運(yun)的安徽石(shi)油大眾(zhong)綜合能源站，集加油、充(chong)電(dian)、換電(dian)、光伏(fu)、儲能等功能于一體，是中國石(shi)化(hua)首(shou)座超級(ji)充(chong)換電(dian)綜合能源站。

充(chong)電(dian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)為電(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車提(ti)供(gong)充(chong)換(huan)電(dian)服務，是重要的(de)交通能源融合類基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)。面對新(xin)能源汽(qi)(qi)車特(te)別(bie)是電(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車快速增長的(de)趨勢，今年6月國(guo)務院辦公(gong)廳(ting)發(fa)布的(de)《關于(yu)進一步構建(jian)高質(zhi)量充(chong)電(dian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)體系(xi)的(de)指導意見》明確提(ti)出(chu)，適度超(chao)前(qian)安排充(chong)電(dian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)，同(tong)時提(ti)出(chu)，到2030年，基(ji)(ji)(ji)本建(jian)成覆蓋(gai)廣泛、規模適度、結構合理、功能完善的(de)高質(zhi)量充(chong)電(dian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)體系(xi)。

從交(jiao)通運(yun)輸部獲悉，截至今(jin)年10月底，全國已(yi)建(jian)成充電停(ting)車(che)位(wei)(wei)的服務區共(gong)計6257個，占(zhan)高速公路服務區總數的94%；全國高速公路服務區累計建(jian)成充電樁2萬(wan)個，覆(fu)蓋4.9萬(wan)個小型客(ke)車(che)停(ting)車(che)位(wei)(wei)。

中國電(dian)動汽車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)促進聯盟數據顯示，今年前10個月，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)增(zeng)量為(wei)274.4萬臺(tai)，樁車(che)增(zeng)量比為(wei)1：2.7。其中，公共(gong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁增(zeng)量為(wei)72.8萬臺(tai)，隨車(che)配建私(si)人充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁增(zeng)量為(wei)201.7萬臺(tai)，同比上升29.4%。

充換電(dian)(dian)(dian)服務(wu)業(ye)(ye)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)量同(tong)樣走出上揚曲線(xian)。從南(nan)方(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網公(gong)司獲悉，10月(yue)南(nan)方(fang)五省區充換電(dian)(dian)(dian)服務(wu)業(ye)(ye)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)量維持高位增長，連續(xu)三個月(yue)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長超過60%。根據中國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力企業(ye)(ye)聯合會統計，上半年全國(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車充換電(dian)(dian)(dian)量同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增長71.3%。

與此(ci)同(tong)時(shi)，用戶對于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求也越來越高。“決定電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)長短(duan)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)因素有電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)承受的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)倍(bei)(bei)率(lv)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施能夠提(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)率(lv)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)）所(suo)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境氣候和使用情(qing)況等。”中國電(dian)(dian)(dian)力企業聯合會副秘書長劉永東解(jie)釋說，根(gen)據充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)(su)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施分(fen)為(wei)慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。其中，超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)一般(ban)是指(zhi)能實現(xian)350kW以(yi)(yi)上大(da)功(gong)率(lv)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。以(yi)(yi)400千(qian)(qian)瓦超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁為(wei)例，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)倍(bei)(bei)率(lv)為(wei)4C的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)率(lv)可(ke)到400千(qian)(qian)瓦，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)一般(ban)需要(yao)(yao)10分(fen)鐘左右(you)。

“一杯咖啡，滿(man)電出發。”深(shen)圳日前發布的《深(shen)圳市新(xin)能源汽車超(chao)(chao)充(chong)設(she)施(shi)專項規劃（2023-2025年(nian)）》吹響“超(chao)(chao)充(chong)之城”建(jian)(jian)設(she)的號角。根據規劃，力爭到2023年(nian)底(di)，建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)不少于(yu)150座公(gong)用超(chao)(chao)充(chong)站；2024年(nian)3月底(di)前，建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)不少于(yu)300座公(gong)用超(chao)(chao)充(chong)站。

競(jing)逐這(zhe)一賽(sai)道的(de)還有不(bu)少(shao)地(di)方。例如(ru)，廣(guang)州推出“超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)之都(dou)”計劃(hua)(hua)，明(ming)確支持采用超(chao)級大(da)功率快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)技(ji)術(shu)，建(jian)設(she)多(duo)層次(ci)多(duo)種類多(duo)場景的(de)電(dian)動汽車充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換電(dian)市(shi)場體系；海南則發(fa)起“超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)之島”建(jian)設(she)計劃(hua)(hua)，提出2025年建(jian)成超(chao)400座超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)站；重慶、山(shan)東、吉林、湖南等多(duo)個(ge)省市(shi)也相繼出臺了(le)政(zheng)策(ce)鼓(gu)勵充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施發(fa)展。

企業也在加速布(bu)局。“面對(dui)電(dian)動汽車大功(gong)率充電(dian)趨勢，我們在全國布(bu)局超充網，實現充電(dian)5分鐘，最快(kuai)續航300公里。”充電(dian)樁運營(ying)商特來(lai)電(dian)公司相(xiang)關(guan)負責人(ren)表示，特來(lai)電(dian)液冷超充(chong)產品目前已在全國50多個城市布局600臺(tai)。

國慶期間，華為(wei)600kW液(ye)冷超(chao)充(chong)站(zhan)在318川藏線正式亮相，稱最快實(shi)現“一(yi)秒一(yi)公里”；10月(yue)12日，寧(ning)德時(shi)代官微(wei)宣布，在墨(mo)脫捐(juan)建首座超(chao)充(chong)站(zhan)；比亞迪、保時(shi)捷、特斯拉、小鵬、理想、埃(ai)安、極(ji)氪等(deng)多家廠商也發布超(chao)充(chong)解決方(fang)案……“超(chao)充(chong)”已經成為(wei)整個(ge)產業鏈(lian)上下游的發力點，甚至還吸引了中石油、中石化等(deng)跨界(jie)者。

據劉永(yong)東介紹，目前國內“千(qian)伏”高壓架(jia)構核心部件產業鏈(lian)已齊備，實現超充(chong)性能(neng)的車型今年(nian)底到明年(nian)將陸(lu)續推出(chu)，滿足超充(chong)的3C、4C電(dian)池開始(shi)商(shang)業化，1000V、大功率充(chong)電(dian)堆的充(chong)電(dian)樁開始(shi)布局(ju)，250kW-1MW的大功率充(chong)電(dian)設施開始(shi)進入產業化階段(duan)。

不(bu)過，業內人(ren)士也指(zhi)出，當前超充站建(jian)設(she)仍(reng)面臨(lin)著(zhu)一(yi)些(xie)痛點(dian)，如(ru)投(tou)資成本高、回(hui)收期長，以(yi)及電池、車、樁布局不(bu)協同、電網(wang)功(gong)率不(bu)夠(gou)等。