上海市第十二次黨代會回應人民期待，聚焦“老(lao)、小(xiao)(xiao)、舊(jiu)、遠”等煩心事，著(zhu)力創造高(gao)品(pin)質生(sheng)(sheng)活，實現高(gao)效能治理，更(geng)好地滿足人民對(dui)美好生(sheng)(sheng)活的(de)向往(wang)。小(xiao)(xiao)小(xiao)(xiao)充電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)關系著(zhu)民生(sheng)(sheng)大問題，尤其(qi)是老(lao)舊(jiu)小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)加裝及使(shi)用公(gong)共(gong)充電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)問題直接影響著(zhu)人民群眾的(de)獲得感(gan)(gan)、幸(xing)福感(gan)(gan)、安(an)全感(gan)(gan)。上海市政府(fu)也于(yu)2020年(nian)開始(shi)啟(qi)動充電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)示范小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)建設，并于(yu)2021年(nian)開始(shi)將充電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)進小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)納入(ru)市政府(fu)實事項目，鼓(gu)勵小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)探(tan)(tan)索多車一樁(zhuang)(zhuang)、臨(lin)近車位共(gong)享(xiang)等模式，加快落實社區(qu)(qu)充電(dian)(dian)設施配(pei)(pei)建要求(qiu)。然(ran)而充電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)進入(ru)社區(qu)(qu)，尤其(qi)是老(lao)舊(jiu)小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)，依舊(jiu)困難重重，面(mian)臨(lin)增(zeng)設充電(dian)(dian)設施公(gong)共(gong)空(kong)間難以落實、小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)電(dian)(dian)網負(fu)載能力有限、物(wu)業公(gong)司缺乏配(pei)(pei)合、業主共(gong)識較難達(da)成等挑戰。為破解這(zhe)些難題，筆者對(dui)成功(gong)安(an)裝并使(shi)用公(gong)共(gong)充電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)三(san)個老(lao)舊(jiu)小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)（分別來自(zi)于(yu)徐匯區(qu)(qu)、長寧區(qu)(qu)、松江區(qu)(qu)）進行(xing)了深入(ru)調(diao)研(yan)，并對(dui)他們的(de)探(tan)(tan)索實踐經驗進行(xing)提煉和總結，得到啟(qi)示如(ru)下：

充分發揮黨建(jian)引(yin)領(ling)的(de)(de)(de)(de)組織優(you)(you)勢和政治優(you)(you)勢。在基層社區(qu)(qu)治理體系當中，基層黨組織是(shi)領(ling)導(dao)核(he)心，這一核(he)心將(jiang)居(ju)委會(hui)、業委會(hui)、物業公(gong)司這“三駕馬車”凝聚起來，運(yun)用“四位一體”的(de)(de)(de)(de)協商議事(shi)(shi)機制，就是(shi)否需要安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、如(ru)何安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)共充電(dian)樁(zhuang)等快速達成(cheng)共識。同時，引(yin)導(dao)居(ju)民(min)有(you)(you)序參(can)與(yu)“社區(qu)(qu)新基建(jian)”，達成(cheng)最大(da)(da)公(gong)約數。通(tong)過業主大(da)(da)會(hui)、小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)議事(shi)(shi)會(hui)等協商議事(shi)(shi)機制，做好居(ju)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想工(gong)作，獲(huo)得(de)居(ju)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理解和認(ren)同，特別(bie)是(shi)那些不擁(yong)有(you)(you)新能源車、沒有(you)(you)從(cong)中獲(huo)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)業主的(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)同和支持(chi)，從(cong)而有(you)(you)序推(tui)進(jin)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)作。同時，依(yi)托區(qu)(qu)域化黨建(jian)平臺(tai)吸納轄區(qu)(qu)范圍內的(de)(de)(de)(de)商業綜(zong)合體或大(da)(da)型國企參(can)與(yu)進(jin)來，統籌利(li)用已有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)樁(zhuang)資源，采取惠民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)夜(ye)間(jian)(jian)停車費包月模(mo)式，來緩解老舊小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)停車緊張問題(ti)，同時間(jian)(jian)接(jie)促進(jin)商業綜(zong)合體內的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)消費。

借(jie)(jie)助(zhu)外力(li)(li)統籌社(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)。社(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)治理不僅(jin)僅(jin)需(xu)(xu)要政(zheng)府(fu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)，更(geng)需(xu)(xu)要盤活和整合(he)(he)社(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)，實(shi)現“1+1>2”。無論是借(jie)(jie)力(li)(li)第三方公(gong)司免(mian)費(fei)安(an)裝(zhuang)公(gong)共充電(dian)樁(zhuang)、融入低碳(tan)示(shi)范社(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建設(she)(she)，還(huan)是借(jie)(jie)力(li)(li)政(zheng)府(fu)部門、搭乘(cheng)低碳(tan)社(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、精品小區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建設(she)(she)等的快車(che)，都旨在擴大社(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)資(zi)(zi)本(ben)，減少(shao)安(an)裝(zhuang)環節(jie)中來自于資(zi)(zi)金的壓力(li)(li)，減少(shao)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)浪費(fei)；同時，借(jie)(jie)此摸(mo)清家底，加強(qiang)社(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)整體(ti)規劃，協(xie)調政(zheng)府(fu)、社(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)各主體(ti)同步、高效(xiao)、一攬子推(tui)進(jin)社(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)各項工作，消除公(gong)共充電(dian)樁(zhuang)的用電(dian)安(an)全隱患、美化社(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)環境，優化社(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)公(gong)共空間、合(he)(he)理有效(xiao)使用社(she)(she)(she)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)。同時，降低施工費(fei)用，減少(shao)對居(ju)民(min)的影響。

引導居(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)、共治(zhi)(zhi)共享。安(an)裝(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)共充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電樁(zhuang)要解決的(de)(de)是重要民(min)(min)(min)生實事(shi)，連接的(de)(de)卻是政(zheng)府“碳(tan)(tan)中和(he)”和(he)“碳(tan)(tan)達峰”的(de)(de)重大(da)發展工(gong)程。因(yin)此，調動(dong)居(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)積極性、讓(rang)居(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)參(can)與、共治(zhi)(zhi)共享是保障公(gong)(gong)共充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電樁(zhuang)安(an)全(quan)運行和(he)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)關鍵。居(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)第一步是居(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)知曉(xiao)。通(tong)過(guo)業(ye)主(zhu)代表大(da)會、小(xiao)區協(xie)商議事(shi)會等機(ji)制，告知全(quan)體居(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)，并獲得居(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)認同(tong)和(he)支持。北京一些社(she)區甚至通(tong)過(guo)居(ju)(ju)(ju)委干部(bu)挨家挨戶送(song)告知書，來提高居(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)知曉(xiao)率；其次(ci)，引導居(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)建立電動(dong)車(che)主(zhu)微信群、電動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電站自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)約、小(xiao)區充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電文明公(gong)(gong)約等，通(tong)過(guo)自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)規則規范居(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電行為，堅持共享共用(yong)、自(zi)(zi)(zi)管自(zi)(zi)(zi)用(yong)、平(ping)價使(shi)用(yong)、安(an)全(quan)有序(xu)使(shi)用(yong)、違規者(zhe)禁用(yong)。通(tong)過(guo)溝(gou)通(tong)協(xie)商、互相監督來破解小(xiao)區充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電樁(zhuang)供需不平(ping)衡的(de)(de)困境。

第(di)三方公(gong)司(si)統(tong)(tong)一集中管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)公(gong)共充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)。統(tong)(tong)籌考慮新能源(yuan)汽車(che)發展趨勢、公(gong)共充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)安全運(yun)維和使用，就需要健全安裝管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)長效機制。這就需要采(cai)取專(zhuan)業的(de)(de)(de)第(di)三方公(gong)司(si)統(tong)(tong)一集中安裝和管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)：前期統(tong)(tong)一規劃設(she)(she)(she)計、統(tong)(tong)一建設(she)(she)(she)改造(zao)，適度超前滿足充電(dian)(dian)(dian)需求，并(bing)為后期增大(da)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv)預留容量，有效避免重復無(wu)序建設(she)(she)(she)帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源(yuan)浪費；提供安全加(jia)裝指導，安裝符合國(guo)家標準的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)；后續統(tong)(tong)一運(yun)維管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，解決(jue)居民使用中存在的(de)(de)(de)各種問(wen)題(ti)。同時，第(di)三方公(gong)司(si)可以整合社區和市場的(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源(yuan)，為老舊小區居民帶來(lai)延(yan)伸(shen)的(de)(de)(de)社會資(zi)本。

科(ke)技(ji)賦能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)建設管(guan)理(li)。當城市數(shu)字化轉型成為上(shang)海新一(yi)輪(lun)發展導向時，安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)公(gong)(gong)共充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)也(ye)應與(yu)時俱進，將(jiang)智慧管(guan)理(li)延伸到家門(men)口(kou)、延伸到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站。當前不同(tong)(tong)(tong)小(xiao)區的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)是由(you)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)的公(gong)(gong)司(si)建設，后(hou)臺界面(mian)的樣式(shi)也(ye)五花八門(men)，極不利(li)于政府監管(guan)。因此，未來可以整合(he)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)司(si)數(shu)據資源，集中在一(yi)個平(ping)臺上(shang)進行(xing)管(guan)理(li)，對接小(xiao)區“一(yi)網統管(guan)”，做到實時讀取汽(qi)車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池信息(xi)，實時跟蹤檢查充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程，確(que)保安(an)(an)全充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；入口(kou)增設道閘(zha)，加裝(zhuang)車位(wei)地磁(ci)裝(zhuang)置，利(li)用(yong)科(ke)技(ji)手(shou)段破解油車占位(wei)難題(ti)。同(tong)(tong)(tong)時，鼓(gu)勵和(he)引(yin)導車企(qi)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)建設商(shang)和(he)運營商(shang)、后(hou)市場服(fu)務(wu)商(shang)等多方主體(ti)共同(tong)(tong)(tong)打造互(hu)聯(lian)互(hu)通、信息(xi)共享、全覆蓋的地方級和(he)企(qi)業聯(lian)盟級信息(xi)公(gong)(gong)共服(fu)務(wu)平(ping)臺，做到安(an)(an)全管(guan)理(li)。

（作者單位：中共上(shang)海市委黨校）