俄羅斯建設(she)(she)部提(ti)出一項(xiang)(xiang)發展電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)基礎設(she)(she)施的倡(chang)議：設(she)(she)計住(zhu)宅小區(qu)時，開發商應為(wei)純電(dian)(dian)汽車(che)和混動(dong)汽車(che)預留至少5%的停車(che)位，并且(qie)不(bu)(bu)少于(yu)每棟樓(lou)1個。該措施旨(zhi)在提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)車(che)普及率，改善新(xin)房居(ju)住(zhu)質量。根據更(geng)新(xin)后的建議，帶充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁的車(che)位數(shu)必須嚴格(ge)遵守(shou)上述標準。此外，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁總功率不(bu)(bu)得低于(yu)11千瓦。建設(she)(she)部表(biao)示，這一標準有助于(yu)確保城市電(dian)(dian)車(che)舒適(shi)出行(xing)，并鼓(gu)勵開發商在地產項(xiang)(xiang)目中采用新(xin)技術。
近年來，俄羅斯充(chong)電(dian)網絡發展迅速(su)，這(zhe)與電(dian)車(che)日(ri)益普及(ji)和(he)政(zheng)府對該領(ling)域的(de)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)有關。盡管電(dian)車(che)在全國汽車(che)保有總量(liang)中比例不(bu)大(da)，但數量(liang)穩步增(zeng)長，同時充(chong)電(dian)設施也不(bu)斷增(zeng)加。“自由金融”投資公司(si)分析師說：“國家支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)是(shi)發展充(chong)電(dian)站的(de)關鍵因素之一。俄羅斯政(zheng)府推出建設充(chong)電(dian)基礎設施補貼計劃，并計劃到2030年將(jiang)充(chong)電(dian)站增(zeng)加數倍。國家計劃既支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)慢速(su)（交流）充(chong)電(dian)樁，也支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)快速(su)（直流）充(chong)電(dian)樁，這(zhe)將(jiang)推動電(dian)車(che)不(bu)僅在大(da)城市，而且在小城鎮的(de)普及(ji)。”
根(gen)據(ju)分析(xi)師(shi)的(de)數據(ju)，俄羅(luo)斯新建充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)最多(duo)(duo)的(de)是(shi)莫(mo)(mo)斯科、圣彼得(de)堡、喀(ka)山、新西伯利(li)亞和(he)葉卡(ka)捷琳堡等大(da)城(cheng)市(shi)。莫(mo)(mo)斯科市(shi)和(he)莫(mo)(mo)斯科州(zhou)安裝的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)最多(duo)(duo)，這(zhe)得(de)益于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)密度高(gao)、地(di)方政(zheng)府(fu)支(zhi)持力度大(da)。莫(mo)(mo)斯科市(shi)推出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)免費充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計劃，刺激了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)使用(yong)。除政(zheng)府(fu)舉措外，私人企(qi)業在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)絡(luo)建設中(zhong)也發(fa)揮著重要作用(yong)。俄羅(luo)斯有(you)多(duo)(duo)家(jia)大(da)型充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)運(yun)營商，如Rosseti、Yandex充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、Zetta等。這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)企(qi)業積極(ji)投資并安裝新充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)、推廣先進技術、發(fa)展數字化服務，如查找和(he)預訂充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)手機(ji)應用(yong)。“自(zi)由(you)金(jin)融”公(gong)司分析(xi)師(shi)說：“發(fa)展充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基礎設施的(de)挑戰之一(yi)(yi)，仍是(shi)確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)有(you)足夠功(gong)(gong)率。俄羅(luo)斯一(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)地(di)區，由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)功(gong)(gong)率有(you)限(xian)，接入(ru)大(da)功(gong)(gong)率快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)很難。大(da)城(cheng)市(shi)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)問題正通過升級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統得(de)到逐步解(jie)決。另一(yi)(yi)個問題是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)分布不均(jun)。中(zhong)央地(di)區充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)明顯(xian)多(duo)(duo)于(yu)西伯利(li)亞和(he)遠東(dong)。為解(jie)決這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)問題，國家(jia)為偏遠地(di)區提(ti)供充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)安裝補貼，提(ti)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)在這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)地(di)區的(de)吸引力。”
技術進(jin)步在充(chong)電(dian)設施發展(zhan)(zhan)中發揮(hui)著重(zhong)要作用。近年來(lai)加(jia)快(kuai)充(chong)電(dian)速度的(de)新型(xing)充(chong)電(dian)裝置(zhi)不(bu)斷出現。俄羅斯已出現功率為150-350千瓦的(de)超快(kuai)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)，可在不(bu)到30分鐘時間內(nei)為電(dian)車充(chong)滿電(dian)。此(ci)外，有關企業(ye)正開發的(de)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)，可能(neng)成為行業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)新階段。隨著充(chong)電(dian)基(ji)礎設施的(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)，俄羅斯人對電(dian)車的(de)興趣越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)大。
2023年(nian)，俄羅(luo)斯(si)(si)(si)電(dian)車銷(xiao)量(liang)創(chuang)歷(li)史新(xin)(xin)高，帶來建設(she)新(xin)(xin)充(chong)電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)需(xu)求。據分析人士預測，未來幾年(nian)俄羅(luo)斯(si)(si)(si)電(dian)車將(jiang)持(chi)續(xu)增(zeng)長并帶動充(chong)電(dian)站(zhan)數量(liang)增(zeng)加。也就(jiu)是說，俄羅(luo)斯(si)(si)(si)充(chong)電(dian)基礎設(she)施處于快(kuai)速增(zeng)長階段。得益于國家(jia)支持(chi)、私企投資和(he)新(xin)(xin)技術推廣(guang)，俄羅(luo)斯(si)(si)(si)充(chong)電(dian)站(zhan)數量(liang)不斷增(zeng)加，電(dian)車出(chu)行越來越普及和(he)方便。但行業的(de)進一(yi)步發展，要求解決改造(zao)(zao)電(dian)網(wang)、充(chong)電(dian)樁均勻分布(bu)和(he)推廣(guang)新(xin)(xin)技術等問題，這將(jiang)為俄羅(luo)斯(si)(si)(si)電(dian)動交通創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)熟的(de)生態系統。
充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站運(yun)(yun)營商(shang)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)，俄建設部的建議(yi)將為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)(che)市場發(fa)展帶來強大(da)動力。他(ta)(ta)們認(ren)(ren)為(wei)，住宅(zhai)區建私有充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)，將大(da)大(da)加(jia)快(kuai)俄羅斯(si)人向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)(che)過渡，減少汽(qi)車(che)(che)排放，為(wei)綠色(se)運(yun)(yun)輸創造(zao)條件。專家指出(chu)(chu)，近年俄羅斯(si)人電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)需(xu)求(qiu)不(bu)斷增加(jia)，但充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站不(bu)足仍(reng)是(shi)(shi)主要(yao)障礙之一。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)(che)車(che)(che)主經常不(bu)得(de)不(bu)尋找可(ke)用(yong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)，尤其是(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)住宅(zhai)區。建新(xin)(xin)房(fang)時預(yu)留充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)，將解決這一問題并增加(jia)地產項目吸引(yin)力。此外，分析師(shi)們認(ren)(ren)為(wei)，政府支持在營造(zao)良好(hao)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)(che)生(sheng)態系統方面(mian)發(fa)揮著重要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)。激勵措(cuo)施可(ke)大(da)大(da)加(jia)快(kuai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基礎設施適(shi)應現(xian)代(dai)化要(yao)求(qiu)進程，比如充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)安裝(zhuang)補貼，為(wei)開發(fa)商(shang)提供(gong)稅(shui)收(shou)減免和其他(ta)(ta)優惠等。但并非所(suo)有市場參與(yu)者(zhe)都歡迎這一新(xin)(xin)標準。開發(fa)商(shang)非常擔心為(wei)停(ting)車(che)(che)位(wei)配備充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)將造(zao)成(cheng)支出(chu)(chu)增加(jia)。其他(ta)(ta)專家認(ren)(ren)為(wei)，實施新(xin)(xin)標準可(ke)能會給設計(ji)階(jie)段帶來困難。
此外，還(huan)有(you)這(zhe)樣一種可能(neng)(neng)：目(mu)前俄羅(luo)斯建設部(bu)提倡的新標準僅具建議性質，但未來可能(neng)(neng)會成(cheng)為強制標準。這(zhe)意味著開發(fa)商將不得不在項(xiang)目(mu)成(cheng)本中(zhong)預(yu)先列出這(zhe)部(bu)分費用，從而導致新房價格上漲。（環球時(shi)報）
