新能(neng)源車型在前期的推廣階段有(you)著不(bu)少的優(you)惠政策，不(bu)僅體現在價格補貼(tie)，同時較低的用車成(cheng)本也是消(xiao)費(fei)者考慮的一(yi)大優(you)勢(shi)。然而(er)，新能(neng)源汽(qi)車市(shi)(shi)場(chang)的迅速膨脹也帶來諸(zhu)多(duo)問(wen)題，其中(zhong)充電(dian)(dian)樁建設成(cheng)為新能(neng)源汽(qi)車市(shi)(shi)場(chang)基礎設施建設中(zhong)的當(dang)務(wu)之急，如果絕大部(bu)分家庭可以(yi)擁(yong)有(you)私人充電(dian)(dian)樁，或許電(dian)(dian)費(fei)也就不(bu)會如此漲(zhang)得如此快。

就目前來(lai)看(kan)，新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)車充(chong)電價格上漲的問題對于其銷量影響(xiang)還(huan)不夠明顯(xian)，但如果后續的充(chong)電費用上漲到與油價無差距時，新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽車市場發展也(ye)會受到較(jiao)大影響(xiang)。充(chong)電費用上漲的根源(yuan)到底在(zai)哪里(li)?電價狂飆能(neng)否破(po)局?

電價“狂飆”追趕油價

早在(zai)今年的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)秋國慶長假期間，眾多新(xin)能(neng)源車主就已經(jing)意(yi)識到(dao)之前(qian)(qian)從來不(bu)需要計算出行成本的(de)(de)(de)日(ri)子已經(jing)一(yi)去(qu)不(bu)復(fu)返：不(bu)少車主發(fa)現(xian)高(gao)速服務區充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)漲(zhang)(zhang)價現(xian)象，甚(shen)至有些充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)價格(ge)漲(zhang)(zhang)到(dao)2.98元/度，高(gao)達(da)百元的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)費(fei)僅能(neng)行駛200公里左右，難以讓人(ren)感受到(dao)電(dian)車的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟優勢。目前(qian)(qian)，全國多個地區出現(xian)了公共充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)價格(ge)猛漲(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象。據媒(mei)體報(bao)道，上海某(mou)地同一(yi)時間段(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)費(fei)用從之前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)1.15元/度上漲(zhang)(zhang)到(dao)2.05元/度；鄭州某(mou)地的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)在(zai)最便(bian)宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)深(shen)夜階段(duan)，其(qi)價格(ge)由(you)此前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)0.45元/度漲(zhang)(zhang)至0.75元/度。

對于新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源車主而言，曾經0.5元/度(du)的電(dian)價似乎已經難以回歸，在承(cheng)受續(xu)航焦慮(lv)以及充電(dian)慢的生活不(bu)便后，再也無法享受到“充電(dian)自由”的消費者恐怕對新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源車也有了些許不(bu)滿(man)。

而(er)對于一些網(wang)約車司機而(er)言，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)漲(zhang)也(ye)無形(xing)增加了用(yong)車成本(ben)，依靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)車充能優勢越來越小(xiao)。眾多公(gong)共(gong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)上(shang)漲(zhang)與工(gong)商(shang)業用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)政策調整有一定的(de)(de)(de)關聯，隨著(zhu)今年6月(yue)1日實行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價方案推行(xing)，公(gong)共(gong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)所劃(hua)分的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)商(shang)業用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)自然(ran)更(geng)貴(gui)一些，隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價波動，公(gong)共(gong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)自然(ran)也(ye)會進行(xing)調整，但(dan)是在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)上(shang)漲(zhang)之后，未來再調回此前的(de)(de)(de)價格就有些困(kun)難了。那(nei)么(me)問題來了，工(gong)商(shang)業電(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)(fei)并沒有漲(zhang)得(de)太高，公(gong)共(gong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)為什么(me)不約而(er)同得(de)推行(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價“狂(kuang)飆(biao)”，還漲(zhang)得(de)這(zhe)么(me)有底氣?

充電(dian)(dian)樁行業(ye)發展不(bu)(bu)均衡，家庭充電(dian)(dian)樁仍不(bu)(bu)足(zu)

據中國充(chong)(chong)電(dian)聯盟(meng)統計，到今年7月，家用充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁安(an)裝率達到70%左(zuo)右，共470多萬(wan)(wan)臺(tai)私人充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁，公共充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁則有(you)220多萬(wan)(wan)臺(tai)，共計693萬(wan)(wan)臺(tai)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁數(shu)與高達1620萬(wan)(wan)輛的新能(neng)源(yuan)車保(bao)有(you)量相比(bi)仍(reng)然有(you)待提升(sheng)。對于并沒有(you)條件安(an)裝家庭充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁的新能(neng)源(yuan)車主，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)運(yun)營商只能(neng)是唯一(yi)選(xuan)擇。

當(dang)前(qian)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)營(ying)(ying)商分(fen)為兩大陣營(ying)(ying)，以特來(lai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、星(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為代表(biao)的(de)(de)民企(qi)(qi)(qi)和國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網為代表(biao)的(de)(de)國企(qi)(qi)(qi)，從(cong)數據(ju)上(shang)來(lai)看(kan)，當(dang)前(qian)民營(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業占據(ju)了(le)將近90%的(de)(de)市場份額，而(er)國企(qi)(qi)(qi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)營(ying)(ying)商的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備只占總量的(de)(de)5%，以特來(lai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、星(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為代表(biao)的(de)(de)民企(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)前(qian)期(qi)進(jin)行大量設施(shi)投入，并且在(zai)爭(zheng)(zheng)奪(duo)市場階段進(jin)行價格競爭(zheng)(zheng)，隨著現在(zai)新(xin)(xin)能源汽車保(bao)有(you)(you)(you)量逐(zhu)漸(jian)上(shang)升，愈發有(you)(you)(you)底氣的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)營(ying)(ying)商開(kai)始調(diao)控充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價格，以保(bao)證收益(yi)率。對(dui)于企(qi)(qi)(qi)業而(er)言，目前(qian)新(xin)(xin)能源車型(xing)的(de)(de)保(bao)有(you)(you)(you)量還(huan)是太低，且新(xin)(xin)能源車型(xing)分(fen)布本就不均衡，對(dui)于一些偏僻(pi)地區，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁鮮有(you)(you)(you)生意卻(que)要承擔維護費用(yong)，而(er)有(you)(you)(you)些好的(de)(de)地段缺(que)無(wu)法滿足大批用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)從(cong)而(er)流失(shi)客戶(hu)，不管怎樣(yang)，這樣(yang)的(de)(de)生意有(you)(you)(you)些“劃不來(lai)”。

充電困境如何破局?

盡管目(mu)前民(min)營充電(dian)(dian)運營商占據絕大部分市場，但隨著(zhu)國(guo)企在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)領域的投(tou)入增加，以國(guo)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)網、南方電(dian)(dian)網為代表的“國(guo)家(jia)隊”也會提(ti)升市場份(fen)額，開始(shi)與特來電(dian)(dian)、星(xing)星(xing)充電(dian)(dian)抗(kang)衡。同時(shi)新能源汽車的滲透率還(huan)在(zai)升高，充電(dian)(dian)樁運營市場也會很快迎(ying)來盈(ying)利拐點。

目前(qian)(qian)，中石油已經開(kai)始(shi)布局(ju)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)產業(ye)，此(ci)前(qian)(qian)已經收購(gou)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)產業(ye)普天新(xin)能(neng)源100%的股份，同時計劃在(zai)2025年實現充(chong)(chong)換電(dian)站(zhan)完(wan)成5000座的建設目標，未來(lai)也會(hui)(hui)有更多資金體量更大的巨頭進入充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)市場，這也會(hui)(hui)進一步(bu)穩定(ding)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)價。除此(ci)之外，眾多車(che)企也在(zai)積極推進為用(yong)戶(hu)配備充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)以及(ji)建設自(zi)(zi)家(jia)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)站(zhan)，新(xin)能(neng)源車(che)主大多數會(hui)(hui)優先選(xuan)擇自(zi)(zi)家(jia)汽車(che)所屬品(pin)牌(pai)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)站(zhan)，也會(hui)(hui)進一步(bu)打破當前(qian)(qian)民營充(chong)(chong)電(dian)運營商(shang)一家(jia)獨(du)大的局(ju)面(mian)。