有(you)調研(yan)顯示，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)慢(man)是新(xin)能源汽(qi)車用戶補能的(de)核心痛點之一(yi)。今年(nian)以來，多地(di)相繼(ji)出臺政策，提(ti)(ti)出超充(chong)站建(jian)設(she)提(ti)(ti)速。不過(guo)，超充(chong)站建(jian)設(she)面(mian)臨著電(dian)(dian)網功率不夠，投資成本高、回收(shou)期長，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)車型少、兼容難等(deng)問題。業內人士(shi)建(jian)議(yi)，要促進產業鏈上(shang)下游企(qi)業的(de)合作與交流，推(tui)動新(xin)能源汽(qi)車制(zhi)造商、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)施運營商等(deng)相關(guan)企(qi)業之間(jian)的(de)合作，共同推(tui)動“超充(chong)之城(cheng)”的(de)建(jian)設(she)。

“我在(zai)小程序上(shang)看到(dao)這里可以(yi)充電(dian)，就順路過來，不到(dao)10分鐘就充滿電(dian)了。”近日，在(zai)位(wei)于深(shen)圳市光明區(qu)的深(shen)高速長圳服務區(qu)，市民米先生首(shou)次體驗(yan)了新能源汽車超級快(kuai)充，連(lian)(lian)連(lian)(lian)感嘆(tan)非常快(kuai)速、便捷。

“一秒一公里”“一杯(bei)咖啡，滿電出發(fa)”……近來，全(quan)國多(duo)地提出打(da)造“超充(chong)(chong)之城”，密集(ji)出臺相關政策，加快超充(chong)(chong)站(zhan)建設。

新能源汽(qi)車超(chao)充(chong)(chong)時(shi)代已經(jing)來(lai)臨(lin)？對此，業內人士(shi)表示，超(chao)充(chong)(chong)技術的(de)應用(yong)將為市場和消費者帶來(lai)不少改變，然而目前超(chao)充(chong)(chong)站(zhan)建(jian)設仍面臨(lin)電(dian)網功率不夠，投資成本高、回收期長，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)車型(xing)少、兼容難等(deng)問題，需(xu)多方(fang)共同發力，加強產業合作，優化(hua)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)網絡(luo)布(bu)局，建(jian)立超(chao)充(chong)(chong)設備建(jian)站(zhan)專項補貼(tie)等(deng)。

充電慢是補能痛點

“新能源汽車正在加(jia)速(su)滲(shen)透(tou)，然而，目前(qian)充(chong)電(dian)運營(ying)服務(wu)以普通的(de)直流快充(chong)樁(zhuang)為(wei)主(zhu)，充(chong)電(dian)時間相對(dui)較長。”深(shen)圳巴士新能源有限公司總經(jing)理(li)陳(chen)天順介紹。

深(shen)圳市民麥(mai)先生是新能源汽車“忠粉”，但考(kao)慮(lv)到出行方便，他還(huan)是選(xuan)擇(ze)了混合動力車。他坦言(yan)，若是超(chao)充(chong)樁數量足夠多且便于手(shou)機查找(zhao)，他會考(kao)慮(lv)換成(cheng)純電動車。

根據億歐智庫調研(yan)，在(zai)(zai)新能(neng)源汽(qi)車用戶(hu)充電方式中，慢充占(zhan)比超(chao)50%。在(zai)(zai)使用公共(gong)快充樁充電時，充電時間大于(yu)40分(fen)鐘(zhong)的(de)占(zhan)比高達44%，也是用戶(hu)補(bu)能(neng)的(de)核心痛點(dian)之(zhi)一。84%的(de)用戶(hu)對(dui)超(chao)充補(bu)能(neng)表(biao)達了認可態度(du)，市場期(qi)待度(du)較高。

隨著新能(neng)源汽車的普及，超(chao)(chao)充(chong)補(bu)能(neng)是(shi)未(wei)來趨勢。今年以來，多地相(xiang)繼(ji)出(chu)臺政策，超(chao)(chao)充(chong)站建(jian)設(she)提速。日(ri)前(qian)發(fa)布的《深圳(zhen)市新能(neng)源汽車超(chao)(chao)充(chong)設(she)施專項規劃(hua)(2023-2025年)》(以下簡稱規劃(hua))再次吹(chui)響(xiang)深圳(zhen)的“超(chao)(chao)充(chong)之城”建(jian)設(she)號角。根據規劃(hua)，到(dao)2023年底，深圳(zhen)將建(jian)成(cheng)不少于150座(zuo)公用超(chao)(chao)充(chong)站；2024年3月底前(qian)，建(jian)成(cheng)不少于300座(zuo)公用超(chao)(chao)充(chong)站。

加速(su)推進“超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)之城(cheng)”建設(she)(she)的(de)不止深圳。例如，北(bei)京(jing)對充(chong)(chong)(chong)換電設(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)運營(ying)獎勵公開征求意見，其中(zhong)公共充(chong)(chong)(chong)電設(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)運營(ying)獎勵中(zhong)，超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)最高補(bu)貼(tie)216元(yuan)/千瓦·年(nian)；廣州推出“超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)之都”計(ji)劃，明確支持超(chao)級大功率快充(chong)(chong)(chong)技術，著(zhu)力建設(she)(she)多層次多種類多場景的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電體系；海南則發起“超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)之島”建設(she)(she)計(ji)劃，提出2025年(nian)建成超(chao)400座超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)站……

加油般的充電體驗

“30分鐘電(dian)量從20%到(dao)90%。”深圳市民高先生每(mei)周末都會到(dao)景田(tian)沃爾(er)瑪超級充(chong)電(dian)站(zhan)充(chong)電(dian)，插上充(chong)電(dian)槍，進去超市逛一圈(quan)買(mai)點生活用品(pin)，出來就充(chong)滿電(dian)，憑充(chong)電(dian)記(ji)錄還能免(mian)費(fei)停車。

“一秒一公(gong)里”，讓消費(fei)者有加油般的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)體驗。南方電(dian)(dian)網深圳供(gong)電(dian)(dian)局(ju)介紹，與普通60千瓦充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁相比，超充(chong)樁的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)速(su)度最快為普通樁的(de)10倍。

超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)與快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的主要區別(bie)在(zai)于輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的不(bu)同。談及超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)技(ji)術亮點，深圳英飛(fei)源技(ji)術有限公司集(ji)團副總裁韓(han)濤表示，超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)是高功(gong)率直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)率一般為360kW以(yi)上。超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)480kW可以(yi)5分鐘(zhong)增(zeng)加續(xu)航250公里，基本(ben)10分鐘(zhong)可以(yi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)；快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)一小時內充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)80%的電(dian)(dian)(dian)量；慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)基本(ben)要充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)一晚才能充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)。三者使用的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)槍(qiang)(qiang)也不(bu)同，超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)只能用液(ye)冷槍(qiang)(qiang)，極大地降低車主操(cao)作難度(du)，而快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的常規(gui)槍(qiang)(qiang)線較粗且(qie)重量更重。

了(le)解(jie)到，由深(shen)圳(zhen)巴士新能源有限公司與(yu)深(shen)圳(zhen)英(ying)飛源技(ji)術有限公司聯合建設的福田深(shen)康超級充電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，將光伏(fu)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、儲能站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、電(dian)動汽(qi)車充放電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)融為一體，實現了(le)“多(duo)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)合一”。

仍然面臨諸多難題

多地競相建(jian)設超(chao)(chao)充站，是(shi)否意味著超(chao)(chao)充時代即將開(kai)啟？受訪企業(ye)均表示，超(chao)(chao)充設備建(jian)設仍(reng)面臨痛(tong)點，主要體(ti)現在電網功(gong)率不夠，投資成(cheng)本(ben)高、回(hui)收(shou)期長(chang)，充電車型少、兼容難，充電基礎設施不足(zu)等方面。

“超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)設備(bei)技術難(nan)度更高(gao)，不(bu)僅(jin)需(xu)要(yao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電功(gong)率更大、速度更快，還要(yao)保障安(an)全(quan)可靠，所以需(xu)要(yao)升級(ji)電網、增加(jia)儲能(neng)系統、投入更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)資金。同(tong)時，需(xu)要(yao)大量(liang)車(che)輛(liang)使(shi)用，提(ti)高(gao)超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利用率，才(cai)能(neng)達到站點預(yu)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)收益(yi)。”韓濤直(zhi)言(yan)，目(mu)前(qian)市(shi)場上支持超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)型(xing)不(bu)多(duo)，超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)車(che)輛(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展滯(zhi)后于超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展。不(bu)同(tong)車(che)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)兼容也(ye)有區別，需(xu)要(yao)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接口(kou)和功(gong)率。而(er)目(mu)前(qian)，“Chaoji”充(chong)(chong)(chong)電標準剛剛發布，具體實(shi)施起(qi)來(lai)還需(xu)要(yao)時間。

針(zhen)對(dui)目前市場上支(zhi)持超(chao)充的(de)車型(xing)少問(wen)題，陳天順認為，從產業角(jiao)度而言，在推進超(chao)充站建設過程中，有(you)必(bi)要加(jia)快超(chao)充車型(xing)技術迭代，使更(geng)多車型(xing)能(neng)夠兼容超(chao)充效(xiao)率。另一方(fang)面，也希望政(zheng)府有(you)關部門能(neng)給予建設超(chao)充站的(de)企業一定政(zheng)策補貼支(zhi)持。

對于如何推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)超(chao)充(chong)站進一(yi)步落地問(wen)題(ti)，韓濤認為，要促(cu)進產業鏈上下游企業的合作與交(jiao)流，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)新(xin)能源汽車制(zhi)造商(shang)、充(chong)電(dian)設(she)施運營商(shang)等相(xiang)關企業之間的合作，共(gong)同推(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)“超(chao)充(chong)之城”的建(jian)設(she)。同時鼓勵企業和(he)研究機構加強超(chao)充(chong)技術(shu)的研發和(he)創新(xin)，提升充(chong)電(dian)設(she)施的科技含量和(he)競爭(zheng)力。（工(gong)人日(ri)報）