我國充電基礎設施建設亟需進一步完善
2023-12-07 09:16
近日(ri)，隨著畢節(jie)市威寧彝(yi)族(zu)回族(zu)苗族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣云貴(gui)鄉二期公租房(fang)停(ting)車(che)場的(de)充(chong)電樁(zhuang)(zhuang)項目建成投運，貴(gui)州正式實現了充(chong)電樁(zhuang)(zhuang)設施(shi)鄉鎮(zhen)全覆蓋。圖為黔南布(bu)依族(zu)苗族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)州龍里縣谷腳鎮(zhen)的(de)充(chong)電樁(zhuang)(zhuang)設施(shi)充(chong)電。
根據中國汽車(che)工(gong)業協會統(tong)計顯示，2022年我國新能源汽車(che)持續爆發式增(zeng)長，產銷分別完成705.8萬(wan)輛(liang)和688.7萬(wan)輛(liang)，同比分別增(zeng)長96.9%、93.4%，連(lian)續8年保持全球(qiu)第(di)一(yi)。
隨(sui)著我國新能源汽車(che)(che)保有量的不(bu)斷增(zeng)加，對充(chong)(chong)電(dian)基礎(chu)設施(shi)提出(chu)了更高的要求。近(jin)年來(lai)，我國充(chong)(chong)電(dian)基礎(chu)設施(shi)得到(dao)了快速(su)發展，建(jian)成了世界上數(shu)量最(zui)多、服務范圍最(zui)廣、品(pin)種(zhong)類型(xing)最(zui)全的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)基礎(chu)設施(shi)體系(xi)。在筆者看來(lai)，我國充(chong)(chong)電(dian)基礎(chu)設施(shi)領域仍(reng)存(cun)在諸(zhu)多限制新能源汽車(che)(che)發展的問題，比如存(cun)在布局不(bu)夠(gou)完(wan)善等。
充(chong)電基礎(chu)設施(shi)仍(reng)承擔(dan)較大壓(ya)力
現有充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)的(de)車樁(zhuang)(zhuang)比例不均(jun)衡(heng)。根據中(zhong)國(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)聯盟(meng)統計(ji)的(de)數(shu)(shu)據，截(jie)至2023年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)(yue)份，全國(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)累計(ji)數(shu)(shu)量為(wei)(wei)764.2萬(wan)臺(tai)(tai)。其中(zhong)，2023年(nian)(nian)1~9月(yue)(yue)份，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)增量為(wei)(wei)243.2萬(wan)臺(tai)(tai)，新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車銷(xiao)量為(wei)(wei)627.8萬(wan)臺(tai)(tai)，樁(zhuang)(zhuang)車增量比為(wei)(wei)12.6。由此可(ke)見，2023年(nian)(nian)前8個月(yue)(yue)平均(jun)每銷(xiao)售2.6臺(tai)(tai)新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)車，只建設(she)1個充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)。隨著時間推移(yi)，新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車與充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)之間的(de)數(shu)(shu)量差距將會越來越大(da)，新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)問題也將愈來愈突出(chu)。在(zai)新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車快速(su)發展的(de)背景下，我國(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)(chu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)仍承擔著較(jiao)大(da)壓力。
公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)充電(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)布局(ju)不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)合理。目前(qian)，公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)充電(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)仍存在(zai)(zai)布局(ju)不(bu)(bu)(bu)合理問(wen)題。例如，不(bu)(bu)(bu)少城(cheng)市(shi)將充電(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建設(she)的重點放在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)市(shi)中心，導致城(cheng)市(shi)邊緣、城(cheng)際地區(qu)等出現充電(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴重不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)。以高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)路(lu)沿線充電(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建設(she)為(wei)例，當前(qian)我國(guo)高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)路(lu)沿線具備充電(dian)(dian)服務(wu)能力的服務(wu)區(qu)共(gong)(gong)5978個，共(gong)(gong)有充電(dian)(dian)停車(che)(che)位(wei)29895個，而今年(nian)中秋國(guo)慶假期高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)路(lu)車(che)(che)流量超4億輛，二者數(shu)量并非一個量級。即使以我國(guo)純電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)保有量1401萬(wan)輛（數(shu)據截至2023年(nian)9月底(di)）的數(shu)字來看，高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)路(lu)沿線的充電(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)量明顯不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)。
就私人(ren)充電(dian)樁安(an)裝建設而言，小(xiao)區(qu)私人(ren)車位安(an)裝充電(dian)樁也是困難重(zhong)重(zhong)。除實際安(an)裝條件受限外，老舊小(xiao)區(qu)物(wu)業(ye)是最大(da)阻力，拒絕(jue)安(an)裝的理(li)由多是電(dian)壓負(fu)載(zai)過高、線纜(lan)凌(ling)亂(luan)危險、存在安(an)全隱患、增(zeng)加管理(li)成本等。
充電(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)運維(wei)能(neng)力有待提高。充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)屬于電(dian)(dian)(dian)子設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)經過(guo)(guo)(guo)長期(qi)使(shi)用后難(nan)免(mian)會出現各(ge)種問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，若充電(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)運營(ying)單位(wei)(wei)無(wu)法(fa)及(ji)時(shi)進行修(xiu)(xiu)理、維(wei)護(hu)、更新，就可能(neng)產生故障樁(zhuang)、無(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)現象。這些不但無(wu)法(fa)正常使(shi)用，還(huan)占據(ju)了(le)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)位(wei)(wei)，進一(yi)步(bu)加重了(le)新能(neng)源汽車(che)“充電(dian)(dian)(dian)難(nan)”的(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。此(ci)(ci)外，公共充電(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)還(huan)存在(zai)(zai)燃油(you)(you)車(che)占位(wei)(wei)的(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，特(te)別是在(zai)(zai)缺乏監管的(de)情(qing)況下，因(yin)停車(che)位(wei)(wei)總(zong)量(liang)不足，部分車(che)主將(jiang)燃油(you)(you)車(che)輛停放在(zai)(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)車(che)位(wei)(wei)上，強行擠占了(le)新能(neng)源汽車(che)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)時(shi)間和空間。據(ju)相(xiang)關調查數據(ju)顯示，超(chao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)20%的(de)用戶(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)使(shi)用公共充電(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)時(shi)遇到過(guo)(guo)(guo)故障搶修(xiu)(xiu)不及(ji)時(shi)的(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，35.3%的(de)用戶(hu)(hu)遇到過(guo)(guo)(guo)“找樁(zhuang)難(nan)”的(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)，28.3%的(de)用戶(hu)(hu)遇到過(guo)(guo)(guo)車(che)位(wei)(wei)被燃油(you)(you)車(che)占用的(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)(ti)(ti)。
充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電設(she)(she)(she)施運(yun)營企(qi)(qi)業實現盈(ying)利(li)較(jiao)(jiao)難(nan)。目(mu)前(qian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電基(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)施由政(zheng)府引導、市場主(zhu)導投建(jian)，企(qi)(qi)業是投資建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)主(zhu)體(ti)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電設(she)(she)(she)施屬于高(gao)投資慢回報的項目(mu)，產生(sheng)盈(ying)利(li)需(xu)要較(jiao)(jiao)長周期。雖然(ran)隨著(zhu)產品技術的發展、價格(ge)與成本的降低，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電設(she)(she)(she)施運(yun)營企(qi)(qi)業降低了盈(ying)虧風險，但要在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電設(she)(she)(she)施運(yun)營環節盈(ying)利(li)仍有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)難(nan)度。
優化充電基礎設施布局
加(jia)強充電基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)建設(she)(she)和管理，是(shi)加(jia)快燃油汽車(che)向新能(neng)源電動汽車(che)轉化(hua)的(de)重要支持，是(shi)完善(shan)城(cheng)市基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)、方便居民出(chu)行(xing)、促進城(cheng)市低碳發展的(de)重要舉措(cuo)，也是(shi)新能(neng)源汽車(che)產(chan)業健康(kang)發展和助力實(shi)現碳達峰碳中和的(de)重要保障。
因地(di)制宜加(jia)快(kuai)完善(shan)重(zhong)點區(qu)(qu)(qu)域充(chong)電設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。著(zhu)力(li)解決(jue)公(gong)用充(chong)電設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)發展不(bu)均衡的(de)問題，加(jia)快(kuai)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)城(cheng)市(shi)重(zhong)點區(qu)(qu)(qu)域（居(ju)住區(qu)(qu)(qu)、辦公(gong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、商(shang)業中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)、工業中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)、休(xiu)閑中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)）、城(cheng)際地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)公(gong)共(gong)充(chong)電基礎(chu)保(bao)障網絡，增(zeng)強公(gong)共(gong)服務(wu)保(bao)障能力(li)。首先，對于居(ju)住區(qu)(qu)(qu)而言，政(zheng)府可以加(jia)快(kuai)研究、出臺適合居(ju)住區(qu)(qu)(qu)（尤其是(shi)老舊小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)）的(de)電動汽車充(chong)電設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)和(he)管理意見，明確各利益相關方的(de)權(quan)利義務(wu)和(he)責(ze)任，優化(hua)居(ju)住區(qu)(qu)(qu)充(chong)電設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)流(liu)程(cheng)。并且(qie)，針對小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)車位(wei)充(chong)足、具備較好安(an)裝(zhuang)私(si)人(ren)充(chong)電設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)條件的(de)居(ju)住區(qu)(qu)(qu)，可以構建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)以“私(si)人(ren)慢(man)充(chong)為(wei)(wei)主，公(gong)共(gong)快(kuai)充(chong)為(wei)(wei)輔(fu)”的(de)充(chong)電基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)體系(xi)。針對小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)車位(wei)不(bu)足、安(an)裝(zhuang)私(si)人(ren)充(chong)電設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)條件不(bu)足的(de)居(ju)住區(qu)(qu)(qu)，則(ze)可以建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)具有一定(ding)規模的(de)集中(zhong)(zhong)式充(chong)電基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，形成(cheng)“公(gong)共(gong)快(kuai)充(chong)為(wei)(wei)主，私(si)人(ren)慢(man)充(chong)為(wei)(wei)輔(fu)”的(de)優化(hua)布局。
針對(dui)(dui)辦(ban)公區域(yu)、商業中心(xin)、工業中心(xin)、休閑(xian)中心(xin)等(deng)對(dui)(dui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電需(xu)求(qiu)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)區域(yu)而(er)言，政府(fu)則可(ke)因地制宜利(li)用城(cheng)市道路臨近空間(jian)(jian)或通過改造現有停車(che)位等(deng)方式(shi)，增加充(chong)(chong)(chong)電基礎(chu)(chu)設施(shi)(shi)數量，以(yi)(yi)滿足新能源(yuan)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電需(xu)求(qiu)。針對(dui)(dui)城(cheng)際(ji)地區，政府(fu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)強(qiang)化充(chong)(chong)(chong)電線路之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)連接，例如，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)通過改造現有的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)速(su)公路服(fu)務區，加裝充(chong)(chong)(chong)電基礎(chu)(chu)設施(shi)(shi)。而(er)對(dui)(dui)于新設的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)速(su)公路服(fu)務區，則可(ke)以(yi)(yi)同步建(jian)設充(chong)(chong)(chong)電基礎(chu)(chu)設施(shi)(shi)。另(ling)外，基于高(gao)速(su)公路服(fu)務區之(zhi)特性，改造、建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電基礎(chu)(chu)設施(shi)(shi)原則上(shang)宜采用高(gao)功率充(chong)(chong)(chong)電技術，節約充(chong)(chong)(chong)電時間(jian)(jian)、空間(jian)(jian)，提(ti)升車(che)輛(liang)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電效(xiao)率。
提升基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)智能化水(shui)平(ping)(ping)，增強充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)運(yun)(yun)維能力(li)和(he)可(ke)(ke)用率(lv)。為(wei)提升充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)運(yun)(yun)營水(shui)平(ping)(ping)，政府(fu)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)采用物(wu)聯(lian)網技術(shu)，讓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)更(geng)加“智能”化。一方(fang)面，盡(jin)(jin)量協調統(tong)一充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)控制、物(wu)理接口、通信協議三個(ge)層面的(de)(de)技術(shu)標準(zhun)，解決(jue)車樁兼容的(de)(de)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。另一方(fang)面，盡(jin)(jin)量協調統(tong)一現(xian)有各充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)之間(jian)的(de)(de)信息互聯(lian)，推(tui)動統(tong)一化的(de)(de)、權威(wei)性強的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)，不(bu)斷(duan)提升平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)對充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)(de)覆蓋率(lv)，并多管齊下引導企(qi)業(ye)積極接入平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)。通過將充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)連接至統(tong)一的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)營管理平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)，更(geng)好地監測(ce)每(mei)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)行狀況(kuang)，及時對出(chu)現(xian)損壞問(wen)(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)進行維護，提高設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)用率(lv)。此外，統(tong)一的(de)(de)管理平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)掌握(wo)各個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)行情況(kuang)，這些數據具(ju)備較(jiao)高的(de)(de)分析價值，不(bu)僅可(ke)(ke)以(yi)降低企(qi)業(ye)運(yun)(yun)營成本，還能幫助企(qi)業(ye)精準(zhun)地確定(ding)何(he)時、何(he)地存在較(jiao)高的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)需(xu)求，通過信息發布和(he)價格機制引導用戶合理錯峰使用充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)，并為(wei)后續建設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)新充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)基(ji)(ji)礎設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)或采用不(bu)同(tong)模式(shi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備提供依據。
此外，還需要(yao)充(chong)分(fen)運用大(da)數(shu)據技術(shu)，不斷優化智(zhi)能充(chong)電(dian)(dian)平臺的(de)(de)運維。一方面，加(jia)強對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)質量監管和安全(quan)評估，確保用戶和設備(bei)的(de)(de)安全(quan)，采(cai)用加(jia)密技術(shu)來保護用戶隱私。例如(ru)，對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)信息讀(du)取(qu)過(guo)程、數(shu)據傳輸過(guo)程的(de)(de)加(jia)密。同時，建議(yi)定期進(jin)行數(shu)據備(bei)份和恢復演練(lian)，確保數(shu)據不會丟失(shi)或(huo)被破壞。另(ling)一方面，充(chong)分(fen)利用車聯網、大(da)數(shu)據與(yu)云計算技術(shu)，實現充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)定位、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)制、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)狀態(tai)監控(kong)(kong)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)周邊環境監控(kong)(kong)、多充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)統一管理(li)、AI智(zhi)能監測等功能，對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)站點/樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)進(jin)行有(you)效(xiao)監控(kong)(kong)、維護，達(da)到智(zhi)能管理(li)、智(zhi)能運營的(de)(de)效(xiao)果。
改(gai)善(shan)充(chong)電設施企業盈利能(neng)力
引導社(she)會資源進(jin)入(ru)充電基礎設施領域，鼓勵(li)社(she)會多方參與，鼓勵(li)建(jian)設、運營(ying)、服(fu)務和管理模(mo)式的創新。政府可以通過出臺各類補貼、支持政策，引導各類社(she)會力量參與充電基礎設施的建(jian)設與運營(ying)，改善充電設施企業當前“重資產盈利(li)難”的問題。進(jin)一(yi)步規范(fan)不(bu)當市(shi)(shi)場(chang)競爭(zheng)(zheng)和市(shi)(shi)場(chang)干預行(xing)為，針對行(xing)業中的亂象，就(jiu)項目開(kai)發、工程建(jian)設、招標投標等領域開(kai)展專項治理，維(wei)護公開(kai)、透明、法治化的充電樁市(shi)(shi)場(chang)競爭(zheng)(zheng)秩序。
對于(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)運(yun)營企(qi)(qi)(qi)業而(er)言(yan)，可(ke)(ke)積(ji)極探索與整(zheng)車企(qi)(qi)(qi)業、互聯(lian)網企(qi)(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)商業合作模式。例如，整(zheng)車企(qi)(qi)(qi)業提供自身產品的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)協(xie)議(yi)，而(er)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業則在(zai)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計、建設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)時(shi)直接(jie)將車輛(liang)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)協(xie)議(yi)納入(ru)其中(zhong)，提升(sheng)車輛(liang)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)運(yun)營企(qi)(qi)(qi)業也可(ke)(ke)以主(zhu)動(dong)尋求與商業地產相結合的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展方(fang)式，最大(da)限度實現(xian)資(zi)源整(zheng)合，互惠互利。此外，提升(sheng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)與設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)利用(yong)效率(lv)也可(ke)(ke)增強企(qi)(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)盈利能力。企(qi)(qi)(qi)業除(chu)了(le)發(fa)展大(da)功率(lv)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術、無(wu)線充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術、儲能技(ji)(ji)術、智(zhi)能充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)(ji)術等(deng)相關技(ji)(ji)術外，還可(ke)(ke)以根據具(ju)體場景運(yun)用(yong)多種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)應用(yong)模式，提升(sheng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)效率(lv)，降低充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)運(yun)營企(qi)(qi)(qi)業的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)營成(cheng)本。例如，在(zai)空(kong)間有(you)限的(de)(de)(de)地區采用(yong)機械(xie)式、立體式的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式，而(er)在(zai)高速公(gong)路等(deng)具(ju)有(you)明顯周期(qi)性充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)需求的(de)(de)(de)地區，則可(ke)(ke)以運(yun)用(yong)臨(lin)時(shi)移動(dong)式充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)。
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