充(chong)(chong)電基礎設施(shi)產(chan)業(ye)持續(xu)高速(su)增(zeng)長，有(you)力支撐國內(nei)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)市場規(gui)模快速(su)發(fa)展。新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)保有(you)量(liang)居于全(quan)(quan)國前(qian)列(lie)的浙江(jiang)，近年(nian)來積極推進充(chong)(chong)電樁產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展，通過實現上(shang)、中(zhong)、下(xia)游全(quan)(quan)覆蓋的完整(zheng)產(chan)業(ye)鏈，撬(qiao)動新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)及相關產(chan)業(ye)持續(xu)壯大。今年(nian)上(shang)半年(nian)，浙江(jiang)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)及零部件集群營收超5000億元，同比增(zeng)長18.9%，全(quan)(quan)省目前(qian)擁(yong)有(you)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)超250萬輛，年(nian)充(chong)(chong)電量(liang)超60億千瓦時。面向未來，浙江(jiang)提出(chu)進一步發(fa)展高質(zhi)量(liang)充(chong)(chong)電基礎設施(shi)網(wang)絡和新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)服務網(wang)絡，打造全(quan)(quan)省域暢行無憂、全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)命(ming)周期服務管(guan)理、全(quan)(quan)場景豐富多彩的新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)下(xia)鄉“浙江(jiang)模式”。

充電樁產業鏈實現全覆蓋 整樁制造占主導地位

近年來，為(wei)統籌推(tui)進充(chong)電基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)與新能源汽車下鄉，浙江(jiang)持續加強頂層設(she)計，完備政策體系，做好規(gui)劃引領，完善價格政策等措施(shi)，進一步構(gou)建(jian)高(gao)質量充(chong)電基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)體系。浙江(jiang)省(sheng)發(fa)(fa)展改(gai)革(ge)委(wei)、省(sheng)能源局會同建(jian)設(she)、交通(tong)、電力等部門最新編制(zhi)發(fa)(fa)布的《浙江(jiang)省(sheng)充(chong)換電基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)年度發(fa)(fa)展報告》顯(xian)示，浙江(jiang)充(chong)電基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)位于全國前列，截至(zhi)2023年底(di)全省(sheng)累計建(jian)成充(chong)電樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)118.9萬個(ge)(ge)，其中公(gong)共充(chong)電樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)13.6萬個(ge)(ge)（鄉村地區3.8萬個(ge)(ge)）、私人充(chong)電樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)105.3萬個(ge)(ge)。

據介紹，浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)企(qi)業目(mu)前已(yi)覆蓋產(chan)業上、中、下(xia)游，形成完整(zheng)的(de)產(chan)業鏈結構(gou)。其中，上游為(wei)設(she)備零部件生產(chan)商，產(chan)品包(bao)括(kuo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模塊、功率器(qi)件、接觸器(qi)、變壓器(qi)、連接器(qi)等，浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)省內代表企(qi)業包(bao)括(kuo)斯(si)達半導體、士(shi)蘭微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子、立(li)昂微(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子、正泰(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)、德力西電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)、施(shi)耐德、永(yong)貴電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)等；中游為(wei)整(zheng)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)制造(zao)商，產(chan)品包(bao)括(kuo)直流及(ji)交流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)等，代表企(qi)業包(bao)括(kuo)公牛集(ji)團(tuan)、萬馬集(ji)團(tuan)、正泰(tai)安能、浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)大華等；下(xia)游為(wei)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)運營服(fu)務商，主要(yao)從(cong)事充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)的(de)投資、建設(she)、運營及(ji)互(hu)聯網的(de)增值服(fu)務，截至2023年底國網浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力有限(xian)公司充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)運營數量已(yi)超3萬個。

當(dang)前，浙江充電樁(zhuang)中游(you)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)（整樁(zhuang)制(zhi)造商）在產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈中占(zhan)(zhan)優勢主導(dao)地位，企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)數量約(yue)50家，占(zhan)(zhan)比超40%，涌現了公牛集(ji)團、萬馬(ma)集(ji)團等一(yi)批具備行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)競爭力的整裝制(zhi)造頭(tou)部企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，如公牛集(ji)團2023年(nian)充電樁(zhuang)銷量占(zhan)(zhan)全國市場份額(e)約(yue)10%，具有(you)一(yi)定行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)引(yin)領效應。

從(cong)分布區域(yu)看，浙江省充(chong)電(dian)樁相關(guan)企業(ye)主(zhu)要集中在杭州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、溫州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、寧(ning)波。其中杭州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)以(yi)下游(you)(you)服務運營(ying)企業(ye)與上游(you)(you)IGBT（絕緣柵雙極型晶體(ti)管）研發(fa)企業(ye)為(wei)主(zhu)，主(zhu)要發(fa)揮互聯網(wang)數字信息化(hua)帶動(dong)作用與高精尖(jian)技術突破作用；溫州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)側重上中游(you)(you)制造類企業(ye)，主(zhu)要發(fa)揮標準化(hua)電(dian)氣(qi)產品規模化(hua)生產作用。

報(bao)告團(tuan)隊分析認為，當(dang)前(qian)浙江充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)相(xiang)關企業在發展策略上(shang)呈(cheng)現多環節布局(ju)趨勢，通過上(shang)下(xia)游(you)(you)(you)(you)一體化的戰略布局(ju)增強競爭力和(he)市場占有率。如萬馬(ma)集(ji)團(tuan)目前(qian)正涉足上(shang)游(you)(you)(you)(you)的充(chong)電(dian)模塊(kuai)制(zhi)造(zao)、中(zhong)游(you)(you)(you)(you)的充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)整(zheng)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)制(zhi)造(zao)，以(yi)及(ji)下(xia)游(you)(you)(you)(you)的充(chong)電(dian)設(she)施建設(she)運營(ying)以(yi)及(ji)平臺(tai)服務；輝博、超翔、正華等省內企業也同時布局(ju)中(zhong)游(you)(you)(you)(you)整(zheng)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)制(zhi)造(zao)和(he)下(xia)游(you)(you)(you)(you)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)運營(ying)業務。

難點與機遇并存 積極發揮“浙江優勢”

業(ye)內人士(shi)(shi)指出，浙江(jiang)充電樁(zhuang)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈發(fa)展當(dang)前處于(yu)典型的“難點(dian)與機遇并存”階(jie)段。難點(dian)方面(mian)，在上(shang)游設備零(ling)部件(jian)生產(chan)(chan)側(ce)，長(chang)期(qi)以(yi)來(lai)充電模塊的關(guan)(guan)鍵元器件(jian)IGBT部件(jian)由英飛凌（德(de)國）、富士(shi)(shi)電機（日(ri)本）等(deng)國外企業(ye)壟(long)斷(duan)，省內士(shi)(shi)蘭微(wei)、斯(si)達半導(dao)體等(deng)企業(ye)雖已布局相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)研發(fa)制造，但距(ju)離(li)(li)打破壟(long)斷(duan)、形成技術(shu)(shu)領先和(he)市(shi)場競爭(zheng)優勢尚有距(ju)離(li)(li)；在中游整樁(zhuang)制造側(ce)，由于(yu)缺乏統一(yi)的政(zheng)策標準和(he)市(shi)場管理規范，技術(shu)(shu)迭代(dai)升級中的標準化問題(ti)和(he)行業(ye)內的粗放競爭(zheng)問題(ti)依然困擾行業(ye)發(fa)展；下(xia)游運營(ying)服(fu)務側(ce)，則(ze)因充電站建設的高前期(qi)投(tou)入和(he)長(chang)回收周期(qi)，面(mian)臨重(zhong)資產(chan)(chan)和(he)盈利模式單一(yi)的挑(tiao)戰。

機遇方面，圍繞上游設(she)備零部件(jian)(jian)生(sheng)產(chan)，浙(zhe)江正積極布局發(fa)揮(hui)(hui)芯片制(zhi)造優(you)勢(shi)與(yu)人才優(you)勢(shi)，聚(ju)(ju)焦高精(jing)尖生(sheng)產(chan)環節，增強(qiang)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)關鍵零部件(jian)(jian)研發(fa)生(sheng)產(chan)技術，培(pei)育(yu)鏈(lian)主企業(ye)(ye)；中游整樁制(zhi)造側，浙(zhe)江發(fa)揮(hui)(hui)外向型經濟優(you)勢(shi)，加強(qiang)政策支持(chi)與(yu)引導，培(pei)育(yu)具備國際市場(chang)競(jing)爭力的(de)頭(tou)部企業(ye)(ye)；下游運營服務側，浙(zhe)江將發(fa)揮(hui)(hui)數字經濟優(you)勢(shi)，以數字化(hua)賦能(neng)(neng)運營服務平臺搭建，拓(tuo)展充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁應用場(chang)景(jing)，聚(ju)(ju)合新能(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)車有序充(chong)電(dian)(dian)、光(guang)伏微(wei)網(wang)(wang)、移動(dong)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)、梯次儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)等(deng)資(zi)源，打造一(yi)批以“充(chong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)、微(wei)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)、儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)網(wang)(wang)”為(wei)載體的(de)虛(xu)擬(ni)電(dian)(dian)廠建設(she)試點，實現調頻(pin)調峰、需求(qiu)側響應、聚(ju)(ju)合售電(dian)(dian)、綠電(dian)(dian)消納和(he)碳交易等(deng)功能(neng)(neng)。此(ci)外，該(gai)省(sheng)還鼓(gu)勵企業(ye)(ye)開拓(tuo)柔性充(chong)電(dian)(dian)、光(guang)儲(chu)充(chong)一(yi)體化(hua)等(deng)新興(xing)盈利(li)渠(qu)道。

據(ju)(ju)介紹(shao)，浙江(jiang)(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)展(zhan)改革委、省(sheng)(sheng)能源(yuan)局(ju)正(zheng)按照“統(tong)(tong)一規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)選址、統(tong)(tong)一建(jian)設(she)標準、統(tong)(tong)一服務標準、統(tong)(tong)一應(ying)用場景(jing)”原則，以(yi)縣(xian)（市(shi)、區）為單元，全面開展(zhan)全省(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)共充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設(she)施網(wang)點規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)編制工作。該省(sheng)(sheng)將(jiang)整合(he)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁實時運營數(shu)據(ju)(ju)、通信運營商的人車動(dong)態數(shu)據(ju)(ju)和交通路網(wang)等數(shu)據(ju)(ju)，通過(guo)大數(shu)據(ju)(ju)模型(xing)智能推薦精確到具體(ti)點位、具體(ti)經緯度的規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)站(zhan)點，賦能站(zhan)樁科學布局(ju)，推進公(gong)(gong)共充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁“鄉(xiang)縣(xian)全覆蓋”，形成(cheng)城(cheng)市(shi)5分鐘、城(cheng)鄉(xiang)半小時充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)圈。根據(ju)(ju)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)，到2025年底浙江(jiang)(jiang)全省(sheng)(sheng)將(jiang)累計建(jian)成(cheng)公(gong)(gong)共充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁17.6萬(wan)(wan)個(ge)（鄉(xiang)村(cun)地(di)區5.8萬(wan)(wan)個(ge)）。

多措并舉完善充電基礎設施網絡體系

根據(ju)2024年工作部(bu)署，浙江正加快構建(jian)布(bu)局科學、智(zhi)能開放、快慢互補、經濟便(bian)捷的充電(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎設施網(wang)絡(luo)體系。據(ju)悉，該(gai)省將推進供給(gei)創新與(yu)需求牽引相促進、產業鏈延伸與(yu)生態圈構建(jian)相結合，從網(wang)絡(luo)建(jian)設、平臺(tai)完善、設備(bei)更新、示范引領等方面，進一步打(da)造高質量充電(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎設施網(wang)絡(luo)和新能源汽車服務(wu)網(wang)絡(luo)。

圍(wei)繞進一步建(jian)設完(wan)善充(chong)電(dian)基礎設施網(wang)絡(luo)體(ti)系，浙江將(jiang)“新(xin)(xin)建(jian)新(xin)(xin)能源汽車公(gong)共充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)2萬個以(yi)上(shang)、其中農村1萬個以(yi)上(shang)”納入2024年省政府(fu)民生實事，以(yi)縣(xian)（市、區(qu)）為單(dan)位將(jiang)規(gui)劃目標(biao)進行月度(du)拆解，按(an)周通報(bao)、按(an)月調(diao)度(du)，督(du)促(cu)各地按(an)照既(ji)定規(gui)劃目標(biao)加快建(jian)設。

完(wan)善監(jian)(jian)管(guan)治(zhi)理(li)(li)方(fang)面，該省上線浙江省充(chong)電基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施治(zhi)理(li)(li)和(he)(he)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)服(fu)務平(ping)臺(tai)，從治(zhi)理(li)(li)端(duan)、企業端(duan)、服(fu)務端(duan)三端(duan)發力(li)，建(jian)(jian)立涵蓋充(chong)電基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施全(quan)流程全(quan)環(huan)節監(jian)(jian)管(guan)體系。其(qi)中，治(zhi)理(li)(li)端(duan)開發站(zhan)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)規劃、建(jian)(jian)設(she)、運(yun)行、運(yun)營(ying)、評價(jia)和(he)(he)獎補(bu)等(deng)模(mo)塊，支(zhi)撐政府側(ce)對(dui)充(chong)電基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施全(quan)流程監(jian)(jian)管(guan)；企業端(duan)完(wan)成服(fu)務門戶網站(zhan)開發，面向運(yun)營(ying)商(shang)提供數據(ju)接入、建(jian)(jian)站(zhan)備案、投(tou)運(yun)報(bao)備、獎補(bu)申報(bao)等(deng)一體化(hua)(hua)服(fu)務；服(fu)務端(duan)開發“浙里充(chong)”移動應用(yong)，面向車主提供“找樁(zhuang)(zhuang)－導航－充(chong)電－支(zhi)付－評價(jia)”的一站(zhan)式便(bian)捷充(chong)電服(fu)務。該省提出，以“政府監(jian)(jian)管(guan)+公共服(fu)務”為目標，不斷建(jian)(jian)設(she)完(wan)善省級平(ping)臺(tai)，實現(xian)基(ji)(ji)于平(ping)臺(tai)的充(chong)電基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施數字化(hua)(hua)全(quan)鏈條閉環(huan)管(guan)理(li)(li)。

此(ci)外，浙(zhe)江(jiang)將大力推(tui)動(dong)老舊(jiu)(jiu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)設(she)(she)(she)備更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)工作，全(quan)力落實(shi)《浙(zhe)江(jiang)省(sheng)推(tui)動(dong)大規模設(she)(she)(she)備更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)和消費品以舊(jiu)(jiu)換新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)若干舉措》，加快推(tui)進老舊(jiu)(jiu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能源汽車更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)迭代(dai)。2024年，浙(zhe)江(jiang)全(quan)省(sheng)計劃完(wan)成老舊(jiu)(jiu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁換新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)600個，有(you)效提升(sheng)全(quan)省(sheng)車、樁整體安(an)全(quan)水平。該省(sheng)還(huan)將開展老舊(jiu)(jiu)小區(qu)(qu)改造行(xing)動(dong)，推(tui)動(dong)老舊(jiu)(jiu)小區(qu)(qu)固(gu)定車位(wei)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)愿裝(zhuang)盡(jin)裝(zhuang)、獨戶居(ju)民(min)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)接電(dian)(dian)愿接盡(jin)接，杜絕地(di)下室私(si)拉亂接隱患，提升(sheng)居(ju)民(min)小區(qu)(qu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)安(an)全(quan)水平。(新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)華財(cai)經）