新能源車低溫續航為行業難題車企接連亮劍“冬征”北方市場

2025-01-07 09:27

隨著(zhu)全球對環保和可持(chi)續發展的(de)重視，新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽車市場(chang)正經歷著(zhu)前所(suo)未有(you)的(de)增長。然(ran)而，新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽車在低溫環境下的(de)續航(hang)問題(ti)一(yi)(yi)直是(shi)行業內(nei)的(de)痛點，不僅影響了消費者的(de)使用體驗(yan)，也對車企的(de)技(ji)術(shu)創新(xin)和市場(chang)競爭(zheng)力提出了嚴峻挑戰。在剛(gang)剛(gang)過(guo)去的(de)2024年，“冬測(ce)”成為(wei)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)車企們較(jiao)量的(de)主要戰場(chang)之一(yi)(yi)。

近日(ri)，觀(guan)察(cha)到，又有(you)汽(qi)車(che)廠商公布了針對低溫環境的(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)解決方案。極氪宣布依托全棧(zhan)自研生(sheng)態(tai)體系，首發九源熱(re)泵(beng)、速(su)熱(re)無霜空(kong)調、800V第二代(dai)金(jin)磚(zhuan)電(dian)池、800V極寒液冷極充樁四(si)項抗寒技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。

面對低溫續(xu)(xu)航問題，各大(da)車企正積(ji)極尋求解決方(fang)(fang)案，主(zhu)要集(ji)中在提高電(dian)(dian)池在低溫環境下的性能(neng)，從智能(neng)熱(re)(re)(re)管理系(xi)統、充電(dian)(dian)設施改(gai)進等方(fang)(fang)面切入。此次“低溫四(si)大(da)舉措”，官方(fang)(fang)披露了關鍵數(shu)據，九源(yuan)熱(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)通過了4大(da)廢(fei)熱(re)(re)(re)熱(re)(re)(re)源(yuan)、2大(da)余(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)熱(re)(re)(re)源(yuan)以及(ji)3大(da)輔熱(re)(re)(re)熱(re)(re)(re)源(yuan)的深度(du)交互。以芯片(pian)廢(fei)熱(re)(re)(re)為例(li)，其回收功率可(ke)達1700瓦，相當于(yu)每(mei)小時省1.7度(du)電(dian)(dian)。同時壓縮(suo)機最高轉速超12000轉，有效減(jian)少(shao)制熱(re)(re)(re)用電(dian)(dian)，延(yan)長續(xu)(xu)航里程。-20℃低溫環境下，仍(reng)可(ke)以吸(xi)收環境余(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)池加熱(re)(re)(re)。通過節(jie)能(neng)增加續(xu)(xu)航里程。

20240627

速熱(re)無霜空調對換(huan)熱(re)溫(wen)差、換(huan)熱(re)面(mian)積、換(huan)熱(re)效率(lv)進行了三(san)大優化，可實現綜合(he)熱(re)交換(huan)效率(lv)比傳統單(dan)介質熱(re)交換(huan)方式提(ti)升130%。第二代金(jin)磚電(dian)(dian)池采(cai)用(yong)全棧自研的(de)第二代鋰(li)離(li)子加(jia)(jia)速技術，低(di)溫(wen)綜合(he)阻抗(kang)降低(di)36%，電(dian)(dian)導率(lv)提(ti)升40%，電(dian)(dian)池預(yu)(yu)熱(re)和(he)維溫(wen)功(gong)能(neng)，在車(che)輛電(dian)(dian)量低(di)于20%時，會(hui)通(tong)過車(che)機助手(shou)主動提(ti)醒用(yong)戶充(chong)電(dian)(dian)并(bing)推薦附(fu)近充(chong)電(dian)(dian)場站，熱(re)管理系統支持(chi)電(dian)(dian)池預(yu)(yu)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)功(gong)能(neng)。800V極寒液冷(leng)極充(chong)樁，單(dan)樁最(zui)大功(gong)率(lv)達到800kW，通(tong)過車(che)樁同源液冷(leng)結構設(she)計(ji)，工作(zuo)溫(wen)域-30℃~60℃，-30℃極寒環境(jing)下實現充(chong)電(dian)(dian)“一(yi)秒一(yi)公里”。

隨著新能(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)行業的(de)蓬(peng)勃(bo)發(fa)展(zhan)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)服(fu)務需求(qiu)持續(xu)增(zeng)長(chang)，補能(neng)網(wang)(wang)絡建設面(mian)(mian)臨巨大機(ji)遇。據中國(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)聯(lian)盟(meng)最新發(fa)布(bu)的(de)《2024年(nian)9月全(quan)(quan)國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎設施運(yun)行情況》報告，截至2024年(nian)9月，全(quan)(quan)國(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎設施累計數(shu)(shu)量(liang)已達到1143.3萬臺，同比增(zeng)長(chang)49.6%。截至2024年(nian)6月，國(guo)內五大充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)營(ying)企業的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁數(shu)(shu)量(liang)分別為：特來電(dian)(dian)(dian)59.5萬臺、星星充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)55.4萬臺、云快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)52.6萬臺、國(guo)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)19.6萬臺、蔚景(jing)云16.9萬臺。車(che)企自建充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站方面(mian)(mian)，蔚來換電(dian)(dian)(dian)站數(shu)(shu)量(liang)增(zeng)加(jia)至2439座，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁數(shu)(shu)量(liang)增(zeng)加(jia)至22755根；理想汽車(che)官宣第600座超(chao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)站上線。極(ji)(ji)(ji)氪已完(wan)成(cheng)自建充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站1130座、極(ji)(ji)(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)站515座。本次在補能(neng)網(wang)(wang)絡方面(mian)(mian)，極(ji)(ji)(ji)氪也(ye)公布(bu)了最新計劃，2026年(nian)，極(ji)(ji)(ji)氪將在全(quan)(quan)國(guo)建成(cheng)2000座極(ji)(ji)(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)站，10000根極(ji)(ji)(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁。

近(jin)年來，新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車市場持(chi)續繁榮，銷(xiao)(xiao)量(liang)飆(biao)升。根據中汽(qi)協的(de)數(shu)據，我國新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車產銷(xiao)(xiao)已分別達到842.6萬輛和(he)830.4萬輛，同比大幅增長(chang)34.5%和(he)36.7%，市場占有率(lv)提(ti)(ti)升至30.8%。在新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車市場迅猛發展的(de)背(bei)后，低(di)溫續航問題尤(you)為突出(chu)。低(di)溫環境下(xia)的(de)續航里程普遍“縮水”，這(zhe)(zhe)主要(yao)是由于新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)車動(dong)力電池在低(di)溫環境下(xia)的(de)耐久性有待提(ti)(ti)升。面對低(di)溫續航問題，各大車企正積極尋求解決(jue)方案，這(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)成為了行業內競爭的(de)重要(yao)一(yi)環。

如深(shen)藍(lan)早先利用(yong)(yong)了鋰離子電(dian)池(chi)在低溫下電(dian)池(chi)內阻會升高(gao)，通過隨機變頻IGBT開閉控制(zhi)、高(gao)頻脈(mo)沖與NVH平衡控制(zhi)等技術，實現電(dian)池(chi)快速均勻“自加(jia)熱(re)”，從而保證電(dian)池(chi)在低溫下的(de)安全性(xing)、耐用(yong)(yong)性(xing)。提(ti)升車(che)輛本身的(de)熱(re)管理系(xi)統(tong)的(de)效率，是行業內進(jin)行電(dian)動車(che)能耗(hao)優化時(shi)(shi)的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)點方向。智界新S7采用(yong)(yong)的(de)是華為TMS熱(re)管理系(xi)統(tong)，這個熱(re)管理系(xi)統(tong)集成度更高(gao)，對零(ling)部件進(jin)行了重(zhong)(zhong)新設(she)計，減少零(ling)部件數量(liang)的(de)同時(shi)(shi)，管路(lu)長(chang)度也減少了，這也減少了部分管路(lu)熱(re)損(sun)失。

業(ye)內人士評價(jia)，在新能(neng)(neng)源汽車領域，低溫(wen)續(xu)航(hang)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)競爭日益白熱(re)化，然(ran)而，行業(ye)現狀(zhuang)并(bing)非(fei)缺(que)(que)乏高(gao)(gao)(gao)端配置(zhi)：800V純電高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓平臺、續(xu)航(hang)里程突破800公里的(de)(de)超大(da)容量(liang)電池(chi)、以(yi)及高(gao)(gao)(gao)效(xiao)熱(re)泵空調系統均非(fei)稀缺(que)(que)資(zi)源。真正(zheng)稀缺(que)(que)的(de)(de)是(shi)那些(xie)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)兼(jian)顧全面性能(neng)(neng)、深度貼合(he)用(yong)戶(hu)需求(qiu)、提供卓越(yue)綜合(he)體驗的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)端產品。解決冬(dong)季(ji)低溫(wen)環(huan)境下用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)續(xu)航(hang)焦慮，關鍵在于采(cai)用(yong)創(chuang)新技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，并(bing)且(qie)在追求(qiu)更長久續(xu)航(hang)的(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)，始終堅(jian)守以(yi)用(yong)戶(hu)為中心的(de)(de)設計理(li)念。這(zhe)意(yi)味著(zhu)，在不斷(duan)提升技(ji)術(shu)(shu)極限的(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)，也要(yao)確保(bao)產品能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)全方位滿足用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)實際需求(qiu)和體驗期望。（封面新聞）