高速公路充(chong)電(dian)樁平時(shi)多(duo)閑置，假期(qi)不夠用。如何緩解(jie)“出行潮汐(xi)”帶來的“充(chong)電(dian)潮汐(xi)”，讓電(dian)動汽車(che)駛離(li)高速公路“補(bu)(bu)能焦慮”？“充(chong)電(dian)＋換電(dian)”的搭配(pei)補(bu)(bu)能方(fang)式開出了藥(yao)方(fang)。

不久前，國網(wang)天津(jin)(jin)市電(dian)力(li)公司(si)打造的(de)天津(jin)(jin)第一(yi)座(zuo)高速(su)公路ChaoJi充(chong)電(dian)站（以(yi)下(xia)簡稱“超級(ji)充(chong)電(dian)站”）投入試(shi)運行。這座(zuo)超級(ji)充(chong)電(dian)站位(wei)于京滬高速(su)天津(jin)(jin)段泗(si)村店(dian)高速(su)服務(wu)區(qu)(qu)（北京方向(xiang)）北側(ce)約50米。從天津(jin)(jin)去往(wang)北京的(de)車，很多會經(jing)過這里。往(wang)前開約1個小時，就(jiu)能到北京馬駒橋高速(su)服務(wu)區(qu)(qu)，掉轉(zhuan)車頭奔(ben)上海方向(xiang)，用不了多久就(jiu)跨入河北省，超級(ji)充(chong)電(dian)站的(de)位(wei)置算是“取了個中”。

其實，這里(li)以前有個(ge)充電站，但只(zhi)有4個(ge)充電樁，明(ming)(ming)顯不夠(gou)用(yong)。“平時充電的車少，周末(mo)和(he)節假(jia)日卻總排隊。”國網(wang)天津(jin)武清公(gong)司(si)營銷部充電基礎(chu)設施建設負責人張海寧告訴記(ji)者(zhe)：“‘潮汐現象(xiang)’是高速(su)公(gong)路(lu)充電站的普遍問題，咱這里(li)也不例外(wai)。但超(chao)級充電站試運行一個(ge)多(duo)月來，假(jia)期(qi)排隊充電的現象(xiang)明(ming)(ming)顯緩解。”

天津正在積極加快充電(dian)設(she)施建(jian)設(she)，織(zhi)密(mi)充電(dian)服務網絡。市(shi)商務局(ju)等21個部門日前發布的(de)《關于天津市(shi)搞活汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)流(liu)通(tong)擴大汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)消費(fei)若(ruo)干措(cuo)施的(de)通(tong)知》提出，按照適度超前原則，繼續在高速公路(lu)服務區、國省干線沿線以及(ji)物流(liu)園、大型商業購(gou)物中心(xin)等地配(pei)建(jian)充電(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施。通(tong)過“充電(dian)＋換電(dian)”的(de)搭配(pei)補(bu)能方(fang)式，天津正在積極化解“出行潮(chao)汐”帶來的(de)“充電(dian)潮(chao)汐”，讓電(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)駛(shi)離(li)高速公路(lu)“補(bu)能焦慮”。

大功率超級充電站 實現(xian)“快充快走(zou)”

近日(ri)，記(ji)者(zhe)來到(dao)(dao)超級充電(dian)(dian)站。上午(wu)(wu)10時(shi)左右(you)(you)，一輛(liang)黑色(se)轎車停(ting)在這里(li)。“能湊(cou)合到(dao)(dao)下個(ge)充電(dian)(dian)站嗎？再(zai)過倆小(xiao)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)費就(jiu)(jiu)便宜了。”從副駕(jia)駛(shi)下來的男(nan)子指著(zhu)充電(dian)(dian)站的電(dian)(dian)子屏示意司機，中午(wu)(wu)12時(shi)到(dao)(dao)下午(wu)(wu)4時(shi)，充電(dian)(dian)單價(jia)比上午(wu)(wu)9時(shi)到(dao)(dao)11時(shi)便宜0.4元左右(you)(you)。“就(jiu)(jiu)這兒(er)充吧，這里(li)樁多充得(de)快，開到(dao)(dao)地兒(er)就(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)用再(zai)找樁充電(dian)(dian)了。”司機把車停(ting)到(dao)(dao)第五個(ge)泊車位，拔下充電(dian)(dian)槍開始充電(dian)(dian)。

記者看到，超(chao)級(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站現有(you)9個(ge)泊車位、8個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)、9把(ba)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)槍(qiang)(qiang)，其(qi)中(zhong)1把(ba)是超(chao)級(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)槍(qiang)(qiang)。在預設電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)為0的情況下，超(chao)級(ji)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)槍(qiang)(qiang)15分鐘(zhong)就(jiu)能充(chong)(chong)滿一輛車的電(dian)(dian)(dian)，普通充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)槍(qiang)(qiang)則需要半個(ge)多小時。

之前(qian)這里的(de)(de)4個60千瓦(wa)老充(chong)電(dian)樁，日平均充(chong)電(dian)9次，平時日充(chong)電(dian)量約106千瓦(wa)時、節(jie)假日約414千瓦(wa)時。“平時沒(mei)什(shen)么人(ren)用。一到(dao)節(jie)假日人(ren)特多(duo)，排(pai)隊老遠(yuan)。”張(zhang)海寧說，常聽到(dao)車主抱(bao)怨“開新能源汽車跑高速，不(bu)是(shi)在排(pai)隊充(chong)電(dian)，就是(shi)在找樁的(de)(de)路上”，尤其是(shi)天冷的(de)(de)時候電(dian)量消耗(hao)快(kuai)，要時刻關注下個充(chong)電(dian)站還(huan)有多(duo)遠(yuan)、是(shi)否(fou)排(pai)隊，如果(guo)趕上充(chong)電(dian)樁電(dian)壓小，充(chong)電(dian)速度更慢。

于是(shi)，升級(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)站被(bei)提上了日程。今(jin)年9月，張海寧隨著(zhu)團(tuan)隊進場施工，把充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)站4個(ge)(ge)60千瓦(wa)老充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)升級(ji)到(dao)8個(ge)(ge)120千瓦(wa)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)。從(cong)一個(ge)(ge)多月來的(de)運行數(shu)據看，8個(ge)(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)每天平均充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)次數(shu)近20次，平時日充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)量大約177千瓦(wa)時，節假日能達到(dao)708千瓦(wa)時左右(you)，大功(gong)率超級(ji)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)站滿足了車(che)主“快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)快走”的(de)需求。

據了(le)解，除了(le)超級充(chong)電(dian)(dian)站，國網天津(jin)(jin)市電(dian)(dian)力公司建設的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)已經在途經天津(jin)(jin)的京滬、津(jin)(jin)薊(ji)、榮烏(wu)、長深(shen)等17條(tiao)高速(su)公路實(shi)現全(quan)覆蓋，共有高速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)站52座、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)251臺。同時，還成立了(le)北塘、寧河等19個充(chong)換電(dian)(dian)設施搶修服務中心(xin)，配(pei)備專業運(yun)(yun)維(wei)隊伍(wu)近200人，服務覆蓋全(quan)市，實(shi)現實(shi)時在線監測，定期開展運(yun)(yun)維(wei)檢修，滿足京津(jin)(jin)冀互聯互通需求。

充(chong)電換電搭配 補能迎來多(duo)解

隨著(zhu)新能源汽車(che)熱(re)銷，車(che)主對充電設施(shi)的(de)需(xu)求(qiu)日益強(qiang)烈。充電競爭進(jin)入下半場，車(che)企提速(su)充電設施(shi)布局，充電換電搭(da)配，補能方式迎來(lai)多解(jie)。

“目前，京津(jin)冀的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要城市市區(qu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)覆蓋度較高(gao)，基本能(neng)(neng)滿足大部分用戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)日常補(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)需求。但(dan)在(zai)跨城移動時，尤(you)其是節假日長(chang)途出(chu)(chu)行，高(gao)速(su)公路服務(wu)區(qu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)是剛需，所以我們(men)正(zheng)在(zai)積(ji)極布局高(gao)速(su)公路服務(wu)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)補(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)設(she)(she)施，進一(yi)步滿足用戶(hu)長(chang)途出(chu)(chu)行需求。”智己汽車科技(ji)有限公司北區(qu)總經理王開斌(bin)表示，該(gai)公司計(ji)劃在(zai)全國中(zhong)石化(hua)、中(zhong)石油(you)下轄的(de)(de)(de)5萬余座(zuo)加(jia)油(you)站建設(she)(she)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)，其中(zhong)很大一(yi)部分在(zai)高(gao)速(su)公路上。

記者在(zai)采訪中了解到，由于一些老(lao)舊(jiu)小區無法安裝充(chong)電樁，不少車主(zhu)會選擇(ze)可換電的新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源汽車。作(zuo)為(wei)充(chong)電網(wang)絡(luo)的有力補充(chong)，車企積極加快完(wan)善換電網(wang)絡(luo)，“充(chong)電＋換電”搭配補能(neng)(neng)為(wei)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源汽車車主(zhu)京津冀三地往來提(ti)供更(geng)多(duo)選擇(ze)。

位于(yu)京津(jin)塘(tang)高速附近1公里(li)處(chu)的武(wu)清楊村，智能(neng)電(dian)動汽(qi)車公司蔚來去(qu)年建設了“二代換(huan)電(dian)站”，主(zhu)要服務京津(jin)冀用戶。相(xiang)比“一(yi)代換(huan)電(dian)站”“二代換(huan)電(dian)站”不僅多了8塊電(dian)池，而且車主(zhu)不用下車就能(neng)完成換(huan)電(dian)。“換(huan)電(dian)的最大(da)優(you)勢就是快，解決了充電(dian)時(shi)間長、排隊(dui)時(shi)間更長的補能(neng)痛點。”一(yi)位新能(neng)源汽(qi)車車主(zhu)表(biao)示。

蔚來天(tian)津(jin)區域公(gong)(gong)司總經理顧(gu)月(yue)(yue)告訴記者(zhe)，他的微信里(li)有個(ge)70多人的京(jing)津(jin)通勤(qin)車(che)(che)主(zhu)聊天(tian)群，群里(li)很多車(che)(che)主(zhu)反饋“車(che)(che)換一(yi)次電(dian)大概(gai)能(neng)跑600公(gong)(gong)里(li)，京(jing)津(jin)冀通勤(qin)基本夠了”。“目前，在(zai)京(jing)津(jin)冀都市圈，平均200公(gong)(gong)里(li)就(jiu)有一(yi)個(ge)蔚來的換電(dian)站，截至12月(yue)(yue)8日，高速(su)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)上換電(dian)站已經達到332座。今(jin)后，我們計劃進一(yi)步加(jia)密(mi)，在(zai)高速(su)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)上每150公(gong)(gong)里(li)設置一(yi)個(ge)換電(dian)站。”顧(gu)月(yue)(yue)說。

織密三地往來 服務(wu)綠色出行

當(dang)前(qian)，“充電(dian)＋換電(dian)”補電(dian)網絡日(ri)漸完善。業內認(ren)為，京津(jin)冀充電(dian)設施數量與日(ri)俱增，反映(ying)出汽車產業的(de)快速發展(zhan)和(he)京津(jin)冀三地往來的(de)日(ri)益(yi)密切，也帶動了整個(ge)新能(neng)源汽車市場蓬勃發展(zhan)。

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)、換電(dian)(dian)站作為(wei)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)汽(qi)車推(tui)廣(guang)中的(de)重(zhong)要一環，已經被列入(ru)各級(ji)政府的(de)規劃文(wen)件(jian)。天津(jin)也在(zai)努力推(tui)動新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)汽(qi)車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)施互聯互通，打(da)造全市(shi)“充(chong)電(dian)(dian)服(fu)務(wu)一張網”。《天津(jin)市(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)型基礎(chu)設(she)施建設(she)三(san)年(nian)(nian)行(xing)動方案（2021—2023年(nian)(nian)）》提出，構(gou)建以充(chong)電(dian)(dian)服(fu)務(wu)為(wei)樞紐(niu)的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)汽(qi)車生態圈，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)建公共充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)6000臺以上，在(zai)津(jin)門湖公交站、武清高鐵站、天津(jin)站等重(zhong)點(dian)區(qu)域建設(she)充(chong)換電(dian)(dian)示范站項(xiang)目，打(da)造全面覆蓋(gai)、布局均衡、適(shi)度超前的(de)服(fu)務(wu)網絡。

從超級(ji)充電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)最近(jin)一段時間的(de)(de)運行信(xin)息(xi)和(he)數據看，充電(dian)的(de)(de)車中，北(bei)京(jing)(jing)牌照汽車占了70%左(zuo)右。“來(lai)充電(dian)的(de)(de)車越來(lai)越多(duo)了。”這是(shi)超級(ji)充電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)檢修(xiu)員白(bai)玉琨最直觀的(de)(de)感(gan)受。白(bai)玉琨從2014年(nian)起就為這個站(zhan)(zhan)點的(de)(de)老充電(dian)樁做(zuo)檢修(xiu)服務，他告訴(su)記者(zhe)，近(jin)幾(ji)年(nian)，充電(dian)次數和(he)充電(dian)量的(de)(de)數據逐(zhu)年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加，北(bei)京(jing)(jing)和(he)河北(bei)省過來(lai)的(de)(de)車也(ye)明顯增(zeng)(zeng)多(duo)。

作(zuo)為京津發展(zhan)軸的(de)(de)(de)重要節點(dian)，武(wu)清(qing)轄區(qu)內的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)速(su)路段(duan)聯通著(zhu)京津冀(ji)三地往來。截至目(mu)前，國網天津市電(dian)力公司的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)設施(shi)在(zai)武(wu)清(qing)區(qu)已經覆蓋了國省干線、高(gao)速(su)沿線、產業園(yuan)區(qu)、居民社區(qu)等，共建(jian)設運營(ying)101座充電(dian)站，累計充電(dian)次數超120萬(wan)次，讓京津冀(ji)通勤往來等更加便捷。

為了提(ti)升車主(zhu)找(zhao)樁效率、優化(hua)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體驗，第三方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服務商加速京津冀布局(ju)。“隨著新能(neng)(neng)源汽車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)需求增(zeng)加，未來天津會(hui)有(you)更多的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。這些充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)具備更全面(mian)、系統(tong)的服務，能(neng)(neng)給司機(ji)帶來更好的體驗。”電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服務商能(neng)(neng)鏈智電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)經(jing)營(ying)副總裁于翔表示。能(neng)(neng)鏈智電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁制造(zao)商、運營(ying)商、企(qi)業(ye)、車隊等提(ti)供(gong)一站(zhan)式解決方案，可以幫助(zhu)主(zhu)機(ji)廠優化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車車機(ji)軟件內置功能(neng)(neng)及應用，提(ti)升智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)水平，也能(neng)(neng)為車主(zhu)提(ti)供(gong)更快(kuai)更準(zhun)的找(zhao)樁“新體驗”。到今年(nian)上半年(nian)，能(neng)(neng)鏈智電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)業(ye)務已經(jing)覆(fu)蓋全國(guo)358個城市，連接(jie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)超(chao)4.4萬個、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)槍超(chao)40萬把(ba)。

國網天津(jin)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力公(gong)(gong)(gong)司數據顯示(shi)(shi)，今(jin)年以來(lai)，途經天津(jin)的(de)高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)路充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站的(de)日(ri)均充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次(ci)數約260次(ci)，日(ri)均充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)為(wei)5500千(qian)瓦時，同比增(zeng)長(chang)22.62%。“接(jie)下來(lai)，我們將繼續完善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網絡，持續鞏固‘中心區(qu)(qu)0.9千(qian)米、市(shi)區(qu)(qu)3千(qian)米、郊區(qu)(qu)5千(qian)米’的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服務(wu)(wu)圈，更好地服務(wu)(wu)京(jing)津(jin)冀(ji)車主綠(lv)色出行(xing)。”國網天津(jin)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力公(gong)(gong)(gong)司相(xiang)關負責人(ren)表示(shi)(shi)。（記(ji)者 寧廣靖(jing) 文并攝）