新能源汽車規模化發展，讓充電樁迎來最強風口，充電樁行業在“萬億級”的市場潛力下迎來巨變。

330位技術專家，140萬(wan)工程(cheng)師(shi)齊聚(ju)青島，線(xian)上(shang)線(xian)下共同見證 “第一屆中國電動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)電設施(shi)技術創新大會”。

大(da)會傳遞出的(de)信息：“充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)已無法支撐電(dian)動汽(qi)車的(de)規(gui)模化發展，只有建(jian)立充(chong)電(dian)網才能承(cheng)接大(da)規(gui)模電(dian)動汽(qi)車的(de)充(chong)電(dian)需求，從(cong)‘樁(zhuang)’到‘網’的(de)充(chong)電(dian)網時代正加速到來(lai)。”

中國(guo)科學院院士歐陽明(ming)高(gao)介紹(shao)：

“充(chong)電(dian)(dian)行業下一(yi)步很(hen)重要的一(yi)點(dian)就(jiu)是快充(chong)技術和V2G車(che)網(wang)互動(dong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)模式。車(che)網(wang)互動(dong)時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)要花錢，但還可以賣電(dian)(dian)掙錢。他指出，新能(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)的重點(dian)是新能(neng)源(yuan)，在碳排(pai)放、碳中和的大背景下，新能(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)要使(shi)用新能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)不僅要向電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，而且要向電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)放電(dian)(dian)，以達到調節新能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)平衡的目的，這就(jiu)需(xu)要充(chong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)必須和電(dian)(dian)車(che)、電(dian)(dian)網(wang)、建筑和家(jia)庭進行一(yi)個(ge)整合形成大的系統(tong)。”

中國工程院院士、世界電動車協會創始主席陳清泉曾撰文：

“盡管我國目前已建成充(chong)電樁超過了(le)181萬，但(dan)在新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車銷量持續增長(chang)、自動駕駛等規(gui)模化發展(zhan)的背景下，傳統充(chong)電樁已遠遠不能(neng)(neng)滿(man)足(zu)市場需(xu)求，從‘樁’到‘網’變得(de)勢在必行。”

從“樁”到“網”成為大勢所趨

“充電樁”和“充電網”，一字之差，卻有本質區別。

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁就(jiu)是一個簡(jian)單(dan)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設備(bei)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)網是深度融(rong)合的智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統，強調(diao)的是能(neng)(neng)源的互(hu)通和(he)數據的互(hu)聯。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁只滿(man)(man)足于分散式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，只有建立充(chong)電(dian)(dian)網才能(neng)(neng)滿(man)(man)足我國(guo)大規模新能(neng)(neng)源汽車發(fa)展的需要。

中國電力企業聯合會電動汽車與儲能分會會長王志軒：

“充電行業正處于電動(dong)化、網聯化、智能(neng)化的全新發展(zhan)階(jie)段，隨(sui)著交通、能(neng)源的轉(zhuan)型(xing)與融合(he)發展(zhan)，充電設施發展(zhan)的未來，需(xu)要開(kai)展(zhan)頂層設計(ji)、提前布(bu)局，特別是ChaoJi、V2G、互(hu)聯互(hu)通等先進充電技術，要具備國際化的視野。”

相較目前“廣圈地(di)”、“低互通(tong)”的充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)發展模式，數據化、能源化、智能化的充(chong)電(dian)網，成(cheng)為(wei)破解充(chong)電(dian)大(da)功率、用戶充(chong)電(dian)難的推手，成(cheng)為(wei)智慧交(jiao)通(tong)與智能電(dian)網之間的聯結紐帶。

中國電力企業聯合會副秘書長劉永東：

“充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁不再是單一‘樁’的(de)概念，將成為充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網絡的(de)其中一環。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網與5G、通(tong)訊(xun)、大數據分(fen)(fen)析技術相契合。比如，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)布局、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網到后臺的(de)通(tong)訊(xun)技術、整個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)行行為分(fen)(fen)析、安全分(fen)(fen)析等。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁行業將從‘各自為戰’走向‘互聯(lian)互通(tong)’，在編織充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)同(tong)時，通(tong)過大數據為充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)賦能。”

作為充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)技術(shu)路(lu)線的最(zui)先倡導者和引領(ling)者，特(te)來(lai)電(dian)(dian)始終堅持推進充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)技術(shu)路(lu)線，致(zhi)力于打造從(cong)智能制造到(dao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)運營，再到(dao)數(shu)據增值服務的價值閉(bi)環的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)生(sheng)態。會(hui)上，特(te)來(lai)電(dian)(dian)發布《電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)技術(shu)白(bai)皮書》，共享(xiang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)發展之(zhi)路(lu)。

特來電總工程師、首席科學家、技術研究院副院長龔成明：

“充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)是(shi)因電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)能(neng)源(yuan)補給的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求而(er)生，但是(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)使命遠(yuan)超(chao)這一基本需(xu)求。作為(wei)(wei)(wei)一種新(xin)型(xing)基礎設施網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)廣泛鏈(lian)接了車(che)、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、用(yong)(yong)戶和電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)能(neng)夠(gou)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)交通(tong)(tong)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)和能(neng)源(yuan)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之間的(de)(de)(de)緩沖器。通(tong)(tong)過交通(tong)(tong)出行(xing)或(huo)運營(ying)以及(ji)電(dian)(dian)力(li)能(neng)源(yuan)在場(chang)站、園區、配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、系統運行(xing)等(deng)多個層級上協同調度，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)能(neng)夠(gou)充(chong)(chong)分發揮充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)需(xu)求在毫秒至數(shu)(shu)日(ri)時間尺度內的(de)(de)(de)彈性(xing)潛(qian)力(li)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統提供稀(xi)缺的(de)(de)(de)靈活(huo)性(xing)資源(yuan)。通(tong)(tong)過進一步利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)裝(zhuang)車(che)及(ji)退役電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)富余能(neng)力(li)進行(xing)雙向充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)所釋放(fang)靈活(huo)性(xing)資源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)模還將提升一個數(shu)(shu)量級，使得電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)能(neng)夠(gou)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)以新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主體的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統中實時和短期靈活(huo)性(xing)資源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)主要來源(yuan)。此(ci)外，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)運行(xing)過程中積(ji)累了海(hai)量的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)源(yuan)、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)運行(xing)大(da)數(shu)(shu)據和用(yong)(yong)戶行(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)數(shu)(shu)據，基于這些大(da)數(shu)(shu)據可以在電(dian)(dian)池(chi)健康診斷(duan)和安(an)全防護以及(ji)無感充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)調度等(deng)方面持續(xu)創造新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)價值(zhi)，使得充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)工業(ye)物聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)場(chang)景之一。”

充電網肩負能源管理與調度職責

除了大數據在(zai)交通領域(yu)的應(ying)用，在(zai)跨行業的能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源側，充(chong)電網(wang)(wang)在(zai)新型(xing)電力系統(tong)中，也(ye)承擔電動汽車(che)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)資源聚合與電網(wang)(wang)間緩沖的角色。依(yi)托充(chong)電網(wang)(wang)，實現新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源發電高(gao)波動性、電動汽車(che)充(chong)電需求高(gao)彈性和放電能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力高(gao)剩余特性之(zhi)間的協(xie)同互補。

歐陽(yang)明高透露，“當(dang)前(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)國的碳(tan)(tan)凈排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)100億噸，等于(yu)2050年巴黎會(hui)議規定(ding)的全球的碳(tan)(tan)排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)指標。2060年要實(shi)現(xian)碳(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong)和，凈排(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)為零。這(zhe)首先要靠能源(yuan)體系的去(qu)碳(tan)(tan)化(hua)，而能源(yuan)體系的去(qu)碳(tan)(tan)化(hua)要靠新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)汽(qi)車儲能，這(zhe)是下一步新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)汽(qi)車的目(mu)標。用新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)汽(qi)車帶(dai)動新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)革命，實(shi)現(xian)高質(zhi)量發展。”

國網電動副總、電動汽車技術委員會（中國）秘書長王文：

“新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)的(de)發展同(tong)(tong)時帶動(dong)了儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)術的(de)發展，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)數量(liang)(liang)的(de)海量(liang)(liang)增長，在消耗大量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)同(tong)(tong)時，通過充電(dian)(dian)(dian)設施(shi)應用(yong)車(che)網融合技(ji)術，車(che)上電(dian)(dian)(dian)池可以(yi)成為不需額外(wai)投資的(de)巨大的(de)分(fen)布式儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)系統，有利于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)綠色化(hua)發展。充電(dian)(dian)(dian)網不僅(jin)為新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)提(ti)供服務，而且將成為電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)重要(yao)的(de)組成，為我國汽車(che)與能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)低(di)碳化(hua)同(tong)(tong)時做出(chu)重要(yao)貢獻。”

所(suo)以(yi)說，充電網還肩(jian)負著(zhu)能(neng)源(yuan)的管理和調(diao)度職責。充電網把所(suo)有電動汽車電池及梯次利用電池鏈接聚合成了一個巨大儲能(neng)網，低(di)成本高效率(lv)地消納和平衡新能(neng)源(yuan)。

電動汽車產業技術創新戰略聯盟副秘書長邵浙海:

“未(wei)來(lai)充(chong)電(dian)設施(shi)技術發(fa)展,一是(shi)大功(gong)率充(chong)電(dian)、直(zhi)流小(xiao)功(gong)率充(chong)電(dian)、V2G、 光(guang)儲充(chong)等適(shi)用不同應(ying)用場景的充(chong)換電(dian)技術將(jiang)逐步(bu)實現；二(er)是(shi)智(zhi)能(neng)化技術和人工(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)將(jiang)廣泛應(ying)用于充(chong)電(dian)網；三是(shi)充(chong)電(dian)網與電(dian)力(li)能(neng)源特別是(shi)可再生(sheng)能(neng)源高(gao)效互動(dong)、深度融合。”

事(shi)實上，“充電網(wang)”的概念和愿景(jing)并非(fei)剛剛提(ti)出，行業龍頭(tou)特來電7年深耕，一直在推進(jin)充電網(wang)技術(shu)路(lu)線(xian)。

據了解，7年時(shi)間(jian)特來(lai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)總投資(zi) 80 億，累計研發投入 13 億，獲得專利 1200 項，構建了充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的技術(shu)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)和平臺架構。大會期間(jian)，特來(lai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發布了《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)技術(shu)白皮書》，清(qing)晰(xi)定義了：“充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)是支撐大規模電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)發展的基(ji)礎設施新(xin)網(wang)絡(luo)；是以新(xin)能源為(wei)主體(ti)的新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)；是鏈接聚(ju)合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)及梯次利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的儲能網(wang)；是深度(du)鏈接人(ren)、車(che)(che)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、能源的工(gong)業互聯網(wang)”。

“充電(dian)網一(yi)頭(tou)連(lian)接(jie)汽車強(qiang)國戰略，一(yi)頭(tou)連(lian)接(jie)能源(yuan)安全新(xin)戰略，從‘充電(dian)樁’到‘充電(dian)網’的延革(ge)，將引(yin)領充電(dian)行業發(fa)生風(feng)(feng)口(kou)巨變，撬動(dong)經濟效(xiao)益(yi)和(he)社(she)會效(xiao)益(yi)，發(fa)揮出行業轉(zhuan)型強(qiang)大的虹(hong)吸效(xiao)應，證明這一(yi)風(feng)(feng)口(kou)的價值”，與會業內人士一(yi)致認為。