立法破解小區電動汽車充電設施建設管理難題

——廣州市人大常委會法工委負責人就《廣州市物業小區電動汽車充電設施建設管理規定》答問

《廣(guang)州市(shi)物業(ye)小(xiao)區(qu)電(dian)動汽車(che)充電(dian)設施建(jian)設管理規(gui)定》（以下簡(jian)稱《規(gui)定》）將于2024年5月(yue)1日起(qi)施行(xing)，是全國首部電(dian)動汽車(che)充電(dian)設施建(jian)設管理方面的專項(xiang)地(di)方性法(fa)(fa)規(gui)。《規(gui)定》落(luo)實廣(guang)州市(shi)產(chan)業(ye)第一、制(zhi)造業(ye)立市(shi)工作部署(shu),堅持“小(xiao)切口”立法(fa)(fa)思(si)路，緊(jin)盯制(zhi)約廣(guang)州市(shi)物業(ye)小(xiao)區(qu)電(dian)動汽車(che)充電(dian)設施建(jian)設管理的主要(yao)因素，切準(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)害、精準(zhun)(zhun)發(fa)力，有針(zhen)對(dui)性地(di)作出規(gui)定。日前，廣(guang)州市(shi)人(ren)大常委會(hui)法(fa)(fa)工委負責人(ren)就相關問題接受廣(guang)州日報記者采訪。

制定《規定》的背景是什么？

法工委負責人：充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)是(shi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)出行、促進(jin)交通能源融合發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的重要(yao)保障，也是(shi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)和改(gai)善民生的重要(yao)領域。近年來，隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)的快速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)需(xu)求快速(su)增加，物業(ye)小區日益增長的電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)需(xu)求與充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)不(bu)平衡的矛盾也逐(zhu)漸顯現，諸(zhu)如充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)建設(she)推進(jin)力(li)度(du)不(bu)夠(gou)，物業(ye)服(fu)(fu)(fu)務(wu)人不(bu)配合，電(dian)(dian)力(li)容量不(bu)足(zu)，管(guan)理(li)維(wei)護責任難以(yi)落實，統建統服(fu)(fu)(fu)模式推廣(guang)不(bu)夠(gou)等。目前國家(jia)、省、市(shi)在電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)領域立(li)法尚屬空白，有(you)必要(yao)通過(guo)制定《規(gui)定》，破(po)解物業(ye)小區電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)(shi)建設(she)管(guan)理(li)難題(ti)，促進(jin)廣(guang)州(zhou)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)(che)產業(ye)高質量發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。

《規定》對小區建設充電設施是如何要求的？

法工委負責人：為了推進物(wu)業小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)區電(dian)(dian)動汽車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)，《規(gui)定(ding)》明確，新建(jian)物(wu)業小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)區應(ying)當(dang)按照國家、省、市(shi)的(de)比例要求為配建(jian)停車位(wei)同(tong)步建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)或(huo)者(zhe)預留安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)，并納入整體工(gong)程驗收范疇(chou)。其(qi)中(zhong)，建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)，應(ying)當(dang)具備智能有(you)(you)序充(chong)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)能；預留安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)的(de)，應(ying)當(dang)滿足(zu)停車位(wei)直接(jie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)表接(jie)電(dian)(dian)需要。既有(you)(you)物(wu)業小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)區分為兩(liang)種情況(kuang)：符合(he)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)的(de)，應(ying)當(dang)將(jiang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)或(huo)者(zhe)預留安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)納入老(lao)舊小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)區改造內容；不符合(he)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)或(huo)者(zhe)未(wei)實施(shi)老(lao)舊小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)區改造的(de)，應(ying)當(dang)結合(he)實際情況(kuang)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)智能有(you)(you)序公用(yong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)，或(huo)者(zhe)在(zai)周邊(bian)合(he)理范圍內規(gui)劃(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)、投放共享移動充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)。

海(hai)(hai)珠區(qu)江海(hai)(hai)街道石榴崗村對村內電(dian)動車充電(dian)設施(shi)進行(xing)規范化改造。

建設充電設施應當符合什么條件？《規定》有哪些具體要求？

法工委負責人：《規(gui)(gui)定(ding)》明確，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)應(ying)當符合(he)六大要(yao)求(qiu)：一是建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)的汽車(che)庫和停車(che)場應(ying)當依(yi)(yi)法(fa)通過建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)程消防(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)計審查(cha)、驗收(shou)或者(zhe)備案，并(bing)按照規(gui)(gui)范設(she)(she)置必要(yao)的消防(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)。二是擁有車(che)位(wei)產權(quan)或者(zhe)一年以(yi)上有效期(qi)限車(che)位(wei)使用權(quan)并(bing)經車(che)位(wei)產權(quan)人同(tong)(tong)意，同(tong)(tong)一車(che)位(wei)僅可以(yi)報裝(zhuang)一個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)。三(san)是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)應(ying)當符合(he)國家、省(sheng)、市的相關技(ji)術(shu)標準(zhun)和管理(li)要(yao)求(qiu)。四是施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位(wei)應(ying)當遵循相應(ying)的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)規(gui)(gui)范、技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)求(qiu)和消防(fang)(fang)、人防(fang)(fang)等要(yao)求(qiu)，遵守公(gong)(gong)共區域物業管理(li)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)，不得擅自改建(jian)(jian)、擴建(jian)(jian)。五是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)應(ying)當依(yi)(yi)據相關標準(zhun)驗收(shou)合(he)格(ge)后(hou)方可投入使用，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)所有權(quan)人或者(zhe)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位(wei)應(ying)當將充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)驗收(shou)合(he)格(ge)報告等材料提供(gong)(gong)給供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業和物業服務(wu)人。六是法(fa)律、法(fa)規(gui)(gui)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的其他要(yao)求(qiu)。同(tong)(tong)時還明確供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業制定(ding)公(gong)(gong)布充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)報裝(zhuang)業務(wu)辦理(li)指南。

物業服務人不配合怎么辦？《規定》有哪些針對性措施？

法工委負責人：電(dian)動汽(qi)車充(chong)電(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)順利(li)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，離不(bu)(bu)開(kai)物業(ye)服(fu)(fu)務人的(de)(de)支(zhi)持和配合，針對(dui)市(shi)民(min)反映較強(qiang)烈的(de)(de)物業(ye)服(fu)(fu)務人不(bu)(bu)配合等(deng)(deng)行(xing)(xing)為，《規(gui)定(ding)》一是(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)確物業(ye)服(fu)(fu)務人應(ying)當(dang)配合申請人、供電(dian)企業(ye)、充(chong)電(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位開(kai)展現場(chang)勘查、用電(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)等(deng)(deng)工(gong)(gong)作，協助提供相關(guan)圖紙資料和接入條(tiao)件，不(bu)(bu)得阻撓或者(zhe)妨礙充(chong)電(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，不(bu)(bu)得索(suo)取不(bu)(bu)正(zheng)當(dang)利(li)益，并設(she)(she)置了爭議解決機制。二是(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)確居民(min)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)過撥打12345政(zheng)務服(fu)(fu)務便民(min)熱(re)線(xian)(xian)、供電(dian)服(fu)(fu)務熱(re)線(xian)(xian)等(deng)(deng)方式(shi)，對(dui)物業(ye)小區(qu)充(chong)電(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)過程中的(de)(de)電(dian)力增容、物業(ye)服(fu)(fu)務人不(bu)(bu)配合或者(zhe)無理由拒(ju)絕(jue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及相關(guan)安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患和違法行(xing)(xing)為進(jin)行(xing)(xing)投訴(su)舉報。三是(shi)(shi)規(gui)定(ding)物業(ye)服(fu)(fu)務人不(bu)(bu)配合、阻撓或者(zhe)妨礙充(chong)電(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)，由區(qu)住房(fang)城鄉建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)部(bu)門(men)責令(ling)限期(qi)改(gai)正(zheng)；逾期(qi)不(bu)(bu)改(gai)正(zheng)的(de)(de)，處以(yi)(yi)(yi)三千元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上三萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下罰(fa)款；索(suo)取不(bu)(bu)正(zheng)當(dang)利(li)益的(de)(de)，責令(ling)限期(qi)改(gai)正(zheng)，并處以(yi)(yi)(yi)五萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上十五萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下罰(fa)款；構成(cheng)犯(fan)罪的(de)(de)，依(yi)法追(zhui)究(jiu)刑(xing)事責任。

《規定》如何解決電力增容困難問題？

法工委負責人：為解(jie)決電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)增(zeng)(zeng)容(rong)困(kun)難制約電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)問(wen)題(ti)，《規定(ding)》一(yi)是明確供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)負責(ze)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)配套電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網建設(she)(she)(she)(she)改(gai)造工作，提供物業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)小(xiao)區充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)報裝和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)增(zeng)(zeng)容(rong)等服務，同時明確供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)摸查、收集用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)需求，做好(hao)物業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)小(xiao)區充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)規劃布點信息公示(shi)，前(qian)瞻(zhan)性地(di)滿足充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)發展需求。二是在物業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)小(xiao)區剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)容(rong)量不滿足充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)(she)(she)時，變壓器為公共(gong)(gong)變壓器的(de)，由(you)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)負責(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)增(zeng)(zeng)容(rong)改(gai)造；變壓器為專用(yong)變壓器的(de)，由(you)專用(yong)變壓器所有(you)(you)權(quan)人(ren)負責(ze)增(zeng)(zeng)容(rong)改(gai)造。新增(zeng)(zeng)變壓器用(yong)地(di)涉及(ji)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主共(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)用(yong)地(di)的(de)，由(you)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主通過法定(ding)程序(xu)落實。

《規定》在充電設施管理和維護方面有哪些具體要求？

法工委負責人：電(dian)(dian)動汽車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)好后，后續的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理和(he)(he)維(wei)護，特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)保(bao)(bao)障充(chong)電(dian)(dian)安(an)(an)全(quan)方(fang)面(mian)，也是(shi)(shi)市(shi)民(min)關(guan)注的(de)焦點。《規定(ding)》從(cong)四個維(wei)度強調并(bing)壓實(shi)相關(guan)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)，一是(shi)(shi)在(zai)主(zhu)體責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)方(fang)面(mian)，明確(que)了充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所有權人是(shi)(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)人，做好充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)日常安(an)(an)全(quan)維(wei)護、保(bao)(bao)養和(he)(he)隱患(huan)排查、整改，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)質保(bao)(bao)期屆滿的(de)應當(dang)定(ding)期進行安(an)(an)全(quan)風險(xian)評估。二是(shi)(shi)在(zai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)方(fang)面(mian)，要(yao)求(qiu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)建(jian)(jian)立充(chong)電(dian)(dian)監測(ce)(ce)和(he)(he)視頻安(an)(an)防監測(ce)(ce)系統，實(shi)時監測(ce)(ce)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)(yun)行過程，發現異常情況(kuang)時，應當(dang)立即處置(zhi)并(bing)及時告知用(yong)戶和(he)(he)物業(ye)(ye)服務人。三(san)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)部(bu)門責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)方(fang)面(mian)，征求(qiu)意見過程中，根據(ju)市(shi)人大代表提(ti)出的(de)意見建(jian)(jian)議，《規定(ding)》要(yao)求(qiu)市(shi)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)信息化(hua)主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)門建(jian)(jian)立健(jian)全(quan)市(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)智能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理平臺，完善數據(ju)服務、安(an)(an)全(quan)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)、運(yun)(yun)行分(fen)析等功(gong)能(neng)，采(cai)取措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)支持自用(yong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)接入平臺。四是(shi)(shi)在(zai)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)方(fang)面(mian)，明確(que)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)按照規定(ding)為其建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)(ying)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)購(gou)買安(an)(an)全(quan)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)，居民(min)可以為自用(yong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及其所在(zai)車位購(gou)買公(gong)眾責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)險(xian)。

《規定》在推廣充電設施統建統服方面作了哪些規定？

法工委負責人：電(dian)動汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)設施(shi)(shi)建(jian)設維護(hu)(hu)管(guan)理專業(ye)(ye)(ye)性較強，由專業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)構統一建(jian)設維護(hu)(hu)管(guan)理能實(shi)現(xian)集約(yue)高效(xiao)配(pei)置，有利于(yu)及時發現(xian)和處(chu)置可能存在的安全(quan)隱患。《規(gui)定》專條規(gui)定了推進(jin)(jin)“統建(jian)統服(fu)”模式，明確(que)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)和信(xin)息化(hua)主(zhu)管(guan)部門引(yin)導充(chong)電(dian)設施(shi)(shi)建(jian)設運(yun)營(ying)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)依法接受(shou)物業(ye)(ye)(ye)小(xiao)區(qu)建(jian)設單位(wei)、業(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)、業(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)委員會或者業(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)大會等(deng)的委托，提供物業(ye)(ye)(ye)小(xiao)區(qu)充(chong)電(dian)設施(shi)(shi)統一建(jian)設、運(yun)營(ying)、維護(hu)(hu)等(deng)服(fu)務；自(zi)用充(chong)電(dian)設施(shi)(shi)所有權(quan)人可以委托充(chong)電(dian)設施(shi)(shi)建(jian)設運(yun)營(ying)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)、電(dian)動汽車(che)生(sheng)產銷(xiao)售企業(ye)(ye)(ye)等(deng)相關(guan)單位(wei)對充(chong)電(dian)設施(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行管(guan)理和維護(hu)(hu)，同(tong)時要求市人民(min)政府制定公布(bu)物業(ye)(ye)(ye)小(xiao)區(qu)電(dian)動汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)設施(shi)(shi)統建(jian)統服(fu)具體辦法等(deng)。