電(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車充(chong)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、換電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)建(jian)(jian)在(zai)哪(na)？如(ru)何建(jian)(jian)？近日，住建(jian)(jian)部發(fa)布《電(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車充(chong)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)設(she)計(ji)(ji)標(biao)準》以及 《電(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車電(dian)池更換站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)設(she)計(ji)(ji)標(biao)準》（以下(xia)簡稱“設(she)計(ji)(ji)標(biao)準”），對充(chong)換電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)規劃設(she)計(ji)(ji)提出了一系列要求，旨(zhi)在(zai)使充(chong)換電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)更加安全可靠、技術(shu)先(xian)進且經濟合(he)理。

充換電站建在哪里，要(yao)綜(zong)合(he)(he)考慮城(cheng)市(shi)的(de)(de)整體規劃，不能破壞(huai)環境。設計標準(zhun)明確，站址(zhi)宜(yi)靠近城(cheng)市(shi)道(dao)路(lu)，不宜(yi)選在城(cheng)市(shi)干道(dao)的(de)(de)交(jiao)叉(cha)路(lu)口和交(jiao)通(tong)繁忙路(lu)段。應與城(cheng)市(shi)中低壓(ya)配電網規劃和建設密切結合(he)(he)，并(bing)應滿足(zu)供電可靠性、電能質量(liang)、自(zi)動化(hua)等方面的(de)(de)要(yao)求。

設計(ji)標準對充換電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的規(gui)模分(fen)(fen)級進(jin)行(xing)了(le)細(xi)致(zhi)劃分(fen)(fen)。其中室內(nei)充電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)和室外充電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)按充電(dian)位數量均分(fen)(fen)為四級，而電(dian)池(chi)更(geng)換站(zhan)(zhan)則依據電(dian)池(chi)存儲(chu)量分(fen)(fen)為四級。這樣的分(fen)(fen)級設置，充分(fen)(fen)考慮了(le)不(bu)(bu)同區域、不(bu)(bu)同用戶群(qun)體對充換電(dian)的需求差異。

在電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)連(lian)接(jie)方(fang)面，設(she)計標準(zhun)提出了明確要(yao)求。充電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)與充電(dian)(dian)(dian)架(jia)之間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)連(lian)接(jie)應采用(yong)(yong)固(gu)定(ding)方(fang)式，且(qie)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)屏（柜(ju)）宜(yi)布置(zhi)在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)架(jia)附(fu)近，屏前后(hou)要(yao)留(liu)有運(yun)(yun)行及檢修通(tong)道(dao)(dao)。采用(yong)(yong)固(gu)定(ding)連(lian)接(jie)方(fang)式，能有效減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)松(song)動、接(jie)觸(chu)不良等(deng)安(an)全隱(yin)患(huan)，降低因電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)問題引發的火(huo)災等(deng)事故風險(xian)。而(er)將充電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)屏（柜(ju)）布置(zhi)在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)架(jia)附(fu)近并預留(liu)通(tong)道(dao)(dao)，方(fang)便工作人員日(ri)常檢查、維(wei)修，確保充換電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備穩定(ding)運(yun)(yun)行。

對(dui)(dui)于監控(kong)系統(tong)，設(she)計標(biao)準要求其功(gong)能全(quan)面且強大。以(yi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)監控(kong)系統(tong)為例，須(xu)具備(bei)數(shu)據(ju)采(cai)集(ji)功(gong)能，像非車(che)載(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作狀態(tai)、溫度、故(gu)(gu)障信號等(deng)，以(yi)及交流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關數(shu)據(ju)都要能精準采(cai)集(ji)；還(huan)要有(you)控(kong)制調(diao)節功(gong)能，可實現對(dui)(dui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)遙控(kong)啟停(ting)、校時等(deng)操作；數(shu)據(ju)處(chu)理與存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)功(gong)能也不可或缺，能對(dui)(dui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)越限報警、故(gu)(gu)障統(tong)計等(deng)數(shu)據(ju)進行(xing)處(chu)理，并集(ji)中存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)和查詢(xun)實時與歷(li)史數(shu)據(ju)。

此外，預(yu)(yu)(yu)裝式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)池(chi)更換(huan)站(zhan)(zhan)應按(an)照設(she)(she)備(bei)筏(fa)板基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)相關要(yao)求進行土(tu)建(jian)(jian)安裝。若選址場(chang)地內已有(you)滿足(zu)設(she)(she)備(bei)使用(yong)(yong)要(yao)求的(de)混凝土(tu)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)，經評估(gu)后可利(li)用(yong)(yong)。預(yu)(yu)(yu)裝式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)池(chi)更換(huan)站(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)土(tu)建(jian)(jian)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)間連(lian)接可采用(yong)(yong)預(yu)(yu)(yu)埋鋼板或膨脹螺(luo)栓(shuan)連(lian)接，且設(she)(she)備(bei)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)預(yu)(yu)(yu)埋鋼板要(yao)做好接地。這種預(yu)(yu)(yu)裝式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)，大幅縮短了(le)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)周(zhou)期，提(ti)高了(le)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)效率。同時，嚴(yan)格的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)和接地要(yao)求，確(que)保了(le)預(yu)(yu)(yu)裝式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)池(chi)更換(huan)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)穩定性(xing)和安全性(xing)。（長沙晚(wan)報）